An image forming apparatus includes a control unit configured to, in executing a job to form images continuously on a plurality of sheets of a recording material, accumulate an addition amount per sheet to an index in accordance with a number of sheets of the recording material to which images are formed in the job. A value of the addition amount per sheet is determined in correspondence with an attribute of the recording material used in the job. The control unit is configured to, during execution of the job, change a throughput of the job so that images are formed at a first throughput if an accumulated value of the index still does not exceed a predetermined threshold value and images are formed at a second throughput slower than the first throughput if the accumulated value of the index has exceeded the threshold value.

A printing device comprises a housing, a communication interface configured to communicate with a server, and a controller. The printing device is configured to operate either in a contract mode or in a normal mode. The housing is configured such that one or more consumables including a first type consumable and a second type consumable are attachable. The first type consumable is dedicated for the contract printing, and the second type consumable is usable for printing in both the contract mode and the normal mode. The controller is configured to activate the contract mode in response to an activation instruction from the server. In a case where the second type consumable is attached to the housing when the contract mode is activated, the controller changes a state of the printing device to a contract printing state in which the contract printing is activated after activating the contract mode.

An image forming apparatus includes a container that can store developer; an apparatus body by which the container is detachably supported; a detection portion, for determining an installed state of the container, provided for the apparatus body; and a control portion determining whether the container is unused based on a detection result by the detection portion. The container includes a displaceable member displaced between an initial position where the displaceable member is not detected by the detection portion and a detection position where the displaceable member is detected by the detection portion. When the container is in an initial installation state immediately after being installed in the apparatus body, the control portion determines the container is unused in a case where the displaceable member is not detected by the detection portion, and determines the container is used in a case where the displaceable member is detected by the detection portion.

An image forming apparatus includes an endless image bearing belt, a first roller, a second roller, a rotatable member, a feeding unit, a first guiding member, and a second material guiding member. The second guiding member is fixed to the first guiding member so as to form a feeding path of a recording material with an interval between the second guiding member and the first guiding member.

A conduction mechanism includes: a conductive bearing that rotatably supports a rotary shaft; a non-conductive axial positioner that has a cylinder externally fitted to the bearing; and a contact terminal attached to an outer circumferential surface side of the cylinder. The cylinder has a slit, and the contact terminal has an abutment piece that is exposed to an inner circumferential surface side of the cylinder from the slit and abuts an outer circumferential surface of the bearing.

A security-enhanced document includes a substrate and variable indicia comprising ink having a signal. The variable indicia is of a specific type and is applied to the substrate using a specific application technique. At least one other printed portion, which is a back of the document, has background ink noise, and the type of ink of the back of the document is of the same type of ink applied to the substrate using the same application technique as the ink of the variable indicia. The document also includes a scratch-off-coating applied over the variable indicia. The document has a signal-to-noise ratio of the ink of the variable indicia relative to the background ink noise of the back of the document that is not appreciable, thereby making the variable indicia unreadable with reference to the back of the document when the scratch-off-coating remains intact.

A security-enhanced document includes a substrate and variable indicia comprising ink having a signal. The variable indicia is of a specific type and is applied to the substrate using a specific application technique. At least one other printed portion, which is a back of the document, has background ink noise, and the type of ink of the back of the document is of the same type of ink applied to the substrate using the same application technique as the ink of the variable indicia. The document also includes a scratch-off-coating applied over the variable indicia. The document has a signal-to-noise ratio of the ink of the variable indicia relative to the background ink noise of the back of the document that is not appreciable, thereby making the variable indicia unreadable with reference to the back of the document when the scratch-off-coating remains intact.

A coating layer application device (200) for applying a coating layer, which is located on a transfer element, to a substrate, the coating layer (206) being formed from a coating material, in particular a thermosetting coating material, the coating layer (206) being curable and comprising an amorphous material, the coating layer application device comprising: a heating device (214, 220) being configured so as to (i) maintain the temperature of the coating layer (206) within a temperature range before removal of N the transfer element (204) from the coating layer (206), wherein within the temperature range the uncured coating material is in its supercooled liquid state; and/or (ii) partially cure the coating layer (206) during a contact of the coating layer (206) and the substrate (210) and before removal of the transfer element (204) from the coating layer, in particular by increasing the temperature of the coating layer (206) to a temperature at or above a curing temperature of the coating layer (206).

A coating layer application device (200) for applying a coating layer, which is located on a transfer element, to a substrate, the coating layer (206) being formed from a coating material, in particular a thermosetting coating material, the coating layer (206) being curable and comprising an amorphous material, the coating layer application device comprising: a heating device (214, 220) being configured so as to (i) maintain the temperature of the coating layer (206) within a temperature range before removal of N the transfer element (204) from the coating layer (206), wherein within the temperature range the uncured coating material is in its supercooled liquid state; and/or (ii) partially cure the coating layer (206) during a contact of the coating layer (206) and the substrate (210) and before removal of the transfer element (204) from the coating layer, in particular by increasing the temperature of the coating layer (206) to a temperature at or above a curing temperature of the coating layer (206).

A display unit of the present invention displays icons respectively for a series of process steps of a pretreatment unit and an analysis device on a setting screen. The display unit displays a first shutdown icon for a first shutdown step and a second shutdown icon for a second shutdown step in association with the icons respectively for the series of process steps, the first shutdown step being performed when the pretreatment unit and the analysis device end process steps without causing an error, the second shutdown step being performed when the pretreatment unit and the analysis device end the process steps as an error is caused while the process steps are performed. When a user selects any one of these icons, the display unit displays an input screen on the setting screen for inputting the setting information for the process step corresponding to the selected icon.