An image forming apparatus includes: a hardware processor that: estimates a remaining amount of toner in a cartridge; registers a required replacement time corresponding to a time required by an operator to replace the cartridge; calculates a toner consumption speed when an image is printed, on the basis of data of the image to be printed and a printing speed when the image is printed; predicts a first timing at which the cartridge reaches a toner runout state during printing of the image, on the basis of the remaining amount of toner and the toner consumption speed; and makes notification for prompting the operator to replace the cartridge at a second timing before the first timing by the required replacement time.

In a sealed letter producing device which folds and seals, with a content, an envelope sheet on which pressure-sensitive adhesives are provided, sealing with pressure rollers smaller than in conventional rollers is achieved. Pressure-sensitive adhesives 106 are provided in both edge portions in the width direction of an envelope sheet 100, and remoistening paste 107 is provided inwardly of both edge portions. The remoistening paste is moistened when the envelope sheet wrapping a content is bent and formed into an envelope 50, the entire surface of the envelope is pressurized by low-pressure rollers and adhered with the remoistening paste, and further only both edge portions of the envelope 50 are pressurized by an upper and lower set and a left and right pair of the pressure rollers 80, 80 having a small width to adhere the pressure-sensitive adhesive 106. High pressure required for adhesion of the pressure-sensitive adhesives is only necessary in both edge portions of the envelope, and therefore small pressure rollers 80 will suffice.

A color image processing apparatus includes an image forming unit configured to form a color image using recording materials of plural colors, an image processing unit configured to implement plural image processing methods that achieve plural types of pseudo-halftone representations, a color measurement unit configured to perform color measurement of the color image formed by the image forming unit, and a control unit configured to control execution of multi-color calibration in which the color measurement unit performs color measurement of a pattern image including plural multi-color patch images formed using recording materials of plural colors by using a smaller number of image processing methods than plural image processing methods used in single-color calibration for correcting reproduction characteristics of single-color images formed by the image forming unit and in which reproduction characteristics of a multi-color image formed by the image forming unit are corrected using a result of the color measurement.

An imaging apparatus includes an optical element that extracts a plurality of pieces of band light from incident light incident on an optical system, a photoelectric conversion device capable of imaging the plurality of pieces of band light extracted from the incident light by the optical element, and a processor that outputs image data obtained by imaging band light, among the plurality of pieces of band light, selected according to an imaging condition determined based on a field of view by the photoelectric conversion device.

The present invention relates to a vibration-type driving apparatus including a vibrator including an electro-mechanical transducer; a driven body disposed in pressure-contact with the vibrator; a supporting portion extending from the vibrator; a base to which the vibrator is fixed with the supporting portion interposed therebetween; a vibration absorber disposed between the supporting portion and the base; and a compressive-force adjusting device capable of adjusting a compressive force to be applied to the vibration absorber between the supporting portion and the base.

An image forming apparatus has a light scanning apparatus which is capable of aligning a lens with a plurality of light-emitting devices and forming a high-quality image while suppressing generation of moiré. In a first image formation mode, light-emitting devices outputting light beams exposing both ends of the photosensitive member in a rotational direction and at least a part of light-emitting devices exposing an area between exposure positions of the light-emitting devices outputting the light beams exposing the both ends are used to form an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member. In a second image formation mode, the light-emitting devices outputting the light beams exposing both ends are not used, and at least a part of light-emitting devices exposing an area between exposure positions of the light-emitting devices outputting the light beams exposing both ends are used to form the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member.

An image forming apparatus includes: a toner image forming section; a transfer section; a fixing section; a conveyance roller section disposed on a downstream side of the fixing section in a sheet conveyance direction; a conveyance guide section disposed on a downstream side of the conveyance roller section and including a first guide member disposed on a fixing side of a sheet and a second guide member disposed on a rear surface side of the sheet; a feeding-path-switching section disposed on a downstream side of the conveyance guide section and configured to switch sheet feeding paths; and a nip angle adjusting section configured to change a nip angle of a conveyance nip in accordance with whether a sheet on which an image is formed on a first surface thereof is conveyed, or a sheet on which an image is formed on a second surface thereof is conveyed.

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member on which a latent image is formed, a developer carrying member for developing the latent image, and an electroconductive regulating member for regulating a layer thickness of the developer in contact with the developer carrying member. A voltage source applies, to the electroconductive regulating member, a voltage of the same polarity as a polarity of the developer on a surface of the developer carrying member at least during a developing operation. The developer remaining on the surface of the image bearing member, after a developer image formed on the image bearing member is transferred, is collected by the developer carrying member. At a time when the developer carrying member is driven in a period other than during the developing operation, a potential difference between the electroconductive regulating member and the developer carrying member is made zero or a voltage which is different toward a side of a polarity opposite the polarity of the developer from a voltage applied to the developer carrying member is applied to the electroconductive regulating member.

An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductor, a charger, a detection unit, and a determination unit. The charger charges the photoconductor. The detection unit detects an actual charging potential of the photoconductor after the photoconductor is charged by the charger. The determination unit determines one of a plurality of causes related to a charging abnormality of the photoconductor based on a relationship between a standard charging potential of the photoconductor to be obtained by charging by the charger and a charging potential detected by the detection unit.

According to an embodiment, an image forming apparatus performs an image forming process to form an image on a sheet, and performs an image erasing process to erase an image formed on a sheet. A conveying device conveys the sheet. A heater heats the sheet conveyed by the conveying device. A cooling device cools the heater. A processor controls the cooling device so that the cooling device cools the heater between an interval of heating the sheet by the heater.