Methods of synthesis of hypervalent iodine reagents and methods for oxidation of organic compounds are disclosed.

The invention relates to a method for producing 1,3-butanediene from a butanediol feedstock that includes: a) A step for esterification of butanediol by a carboxylic acid to form the corresponding diester; b) A step for pyrolysis of the diester effluent obtained from step a); c) A step for distillation fed by at least the carboxylic acid effluent obtained from step a), and producing an aqueous distillate and a carboxylic acid residue; d) A step for drying the carboxylic acid that is fed at least by the carboxylic acid residue obtained from step c) and producing a water effluent and a carboxylic acid product that feeds step a).

The invention relates to a method for producing 1,3-butanediene from a butanediol feedstock that includes: a) A step for esterification of butanediol by a carboxylic acid to form the corresponding diester; b) A step for pyrolysis of the diester effluent obtained from step a); c) A step for distillation fed by at least the carboxylic acid effluent obtained from step a), and producing an aqueous distillate and a carboxylic acid residue; d) A step for drying the carboxylic acid that is fed at least by the carboxylic acid residue obtained from step c) and producing a water effluent and a carboxylic acid product that feeds step a).

The disclosure relates to prodrugs of vitamin K2, in particular prodrugs of MK-7 in which the diketone is converted to a monosubstituted or disubstituted ester type derivative. These compounds are shown to give MK-7 in plasma. The disclosure also relates to methods of treating conditions using prodrugs of vitamin K2.

The disclosure relates to prodrugs of vitamin K2, in particular prodrugs of MK-7 in which the diketone is converted to a monosubstituted or disubstituted ester type derivative. These compounds are shown to give MK-7 in plasma. The disclosure also relates to methods of treating conditions using prodrugs of vitamin K2.

This disclosure relates to modulators of liver receptor homologue 1 (LRH-1) and methods of managing disease and conditions related thereto. In certain embodiments, modulators are derivatives of hexahydropentalene. In certain embodiments, this disclosure relates to methods of treating or preventing cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease by administering an effective amount of a hexahydropentalene derivative disclosed herein.

Methods and compositions containing a phorbol ester or a derivative of a phorbol ester are provided for the treatment and prevention of stroke and the sequelae of stroke. Additional compositions and methods are provided which employ a phorbol ester or derivative compound in combination with at least one additional agent to yield more effective treatment tools to treat or prevent stroke and the long term effects of stroke in mammalian subjects.

The invention relates to a derivative of 15-oxospiramilacton, particularly to a compound of Formula I or II, or an isomer, a solvate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound as pharmaceutically active ingredient, a method for preparing the same, and use thereof in manufacture of an anti-tumor agent. The derivative of 15-oxospiramilactone of the invention have an activity against multiple tumor cell lines, and the anti-tumor activity is positively correlated to an activity inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to a derivative of 15-oxospiramilacton, particularly to a compound of Formula I or II, or an isomer, a solvate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound as pharmaceutically active ingredient, a method for preparing the same, and use thereof in manufacture of an anti-tumor agent. The derivative of 15-oxospiramilactone of the invention have an activity against multiple tumor cell lines, and the anti-tumor activity is positively correlated to an activity inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway. ##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are biodegradable coating and paint compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol, wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said biodegradable composition has a bio-based carbon content of about 1% to 100%. In addition, it is preferred that the 1,3-propanediol be biologically-derived, and wherein upon biodegradation, the biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol contributes no anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.