The present teachings relate to a functionalized silyl cyanide and synthetic methods thereof. As an example, the method may include adding a raw material silane and a cyanide source MCN in an organic solvent to produce the functionalized silyl cyanide in the absence of catalyst or in the presence of a metal salt catalyst. The functionalized silyl cyanide may be used in the reactions that classic TMSCN participates in, to synthesize important intermediates (e.g., cyanohydrin, amino alcohols and -amino nitrile compounds), with improved reactivity and selectivity. The cyanosilyl ether resulted from the nucleophilic addition of functionalized silyl cyanide to aldehyde or ketone may undergo intramolecular reaction under appropriate conditions to transfer the functional groups on silicon onto the other parts of the product linked to silicon. Such a functional group transfer process may increase the synthesis efficiency and atom economy, as well as afford products unobtainable using traditional TMSCN.

The present teachings relate to a functionalized silyl cyanide and synthetic methods thereof. As an example, the method may include adding a raw material silane and a cyanide source MCN in an organic solvent to produce the functionalized silyl cyanide in the absence of catalyst or in the presence of a metal salt catalyst. The functionalized silyl cyanide may be used in the reactions that classic TMSCN participates in, to synthesize important intermediates (e.g., cyanohydrin, amino alcohols and -amino nitrile compounds), with improved reactivity and selectivity. The cyanosilyl ether resulted from the nucleophilic addition of functionalized silyl cyanide to aldehyde or ketone may undergo intramolecular reaction under appropriate conditions to transfer the functional groups on silicon onto the other parts of the product linked to silicon. Such a functional group transfer process may increase the synthesis efficiency and atom economy, as well as afford products unobtainable using traditional TMSCN.

An efficient, low-temperature process to convert well-defined olefin oligomers, particularly butene oligomers to branched chain alcohols suitable for use as precursors to plasticizers commonly used in industry, and more specifically, the olefin feedstocks can be conveniently and renewably produced from short chain alcohols.

An efficient, low-temperature process to convert well-defined olefin oligomers, particularly butene oligomers to branched chain alcohols suitable for use as precursors to plasticizers commonly used in industry, and more specifically, the olefin feedstocks can be conveniently and renewably produced from short chain alcohols.

The present invention relates to a new process of production of menaquinone 4, which is also known as vitamin K2.

The present invention relates to a new process of production of menaquinone 4, which is also known as vitamin K2.

This disclosure relates to modulators of liver receptor homologue 1 (LRH-1) and methods of managing disease and conditions related thereto. In certain embodiments, modulators are derivatives of hexahydropentalene. In certain embodiments, this disclosure relates to methods of treating or preventing cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease by administering an effective amount of a hexahydropentalene derivative disclosed herein.

A method of selective conversion of Abienol, represented by formula 1, to Sclareodiol, represented by formula 2

##STR00001##

by ozonolysis and subsequent reduction. The ozonolysis is carried out at temperatures above 60 C., preferably in nonhalogenated solvents. R is selected from H, acetals, aminals, optionally substituted alkyl groups, such as benzyl group, carboxylates such as acetates or formates, carbonates such as methyl or ethyl carbonates, carbamates, and any protecting group which can be attached to 1 and cleaved from 2, R is selected from CHCH.sub.2, an alkyl moiety with C2-C20, e.g. CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or a cycloalkyl or polycycloalkyl moiety with C3-C20, e.g. cyclopropyl, optionally alkylated, respectively, and the wavy bond is depicting an unspecified configuration of the adjacent double bond between C2 and C3.

A method of selective conversion of Abienol, represented by formula 1, to Sclareodiol, represented by formula 2

##STR00001##

by ozonolysis and subsequent reduction. The ozonolysis is carried out at temperatures above 60 C., preferably in nonhalogenated solvents. R is selected from H, acetals, aminals, optionally substituted alkyl groups, such as benzyl group, carboxylates such as acetates or formates, carbonates such as methyl or ethyl carbonates, carbamates, and any protecting group which can be attached to 1 and cleaved from 2, R is selected from CHCH.sub.2, an alkyl moiety with C2-C20, e.g. CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or a cycloalkyl or polycycloalkyl moiety with C3-C20, e.g. cyclopropyl, optionally alkylated, respectively, and the wavy bond is depicting an unspecified configuration of the adjacent double bond between C2 and C3.

A system for preparing an aromatic derivative is provided, including: a photo-bromination reaction section for performing a photocatalytic reaction of an aromatic hydrocarbon and a brominating agent to form an aromatic hydrocarbon bromide; a substitution reaction section for performing a substitution reaction of the an aromatic hydrocarbon bromide from the photo-bromination reaction section with an alkali base compound or an alkali carboxylate compound to form an aromatic derivative; and a regeneration unit for reacting an alkali metal bromide formed by the substitution reaction section with an acid to form a hydrobromic acid. The regeneration unit is in fluid communication with the photo-bromination reaction section, such that the hydrobromic acid is recycled to the photo-bromination reaction section. A method for preparing the aromatic derivative is also provided.