An ion exchange membrane is provided. The ion exchange membrane includes a reaction product of a polymer and a cross-linking reagent. The polymer includes a first repeat unit, and a second repeat unit. In particular, the first repeat unit is ##STR00001##
and, the second repeat unit is ##STR00002##
wherein R.sup.+ is ##STR00003##
A.sup. is F.sup., Cl.sup., Br.sup., I.sup., OH.sup., HCO.sub.3.sup., HSO.sub.4.sup., SbF.sub.6.sup., BF.sub.4.sup., H.sub.2PO.sub.4.sup., H.sub.2PO.sub.3.sup., or H.sub.2PO.sub.2.sup.; X is CH.sub.2.sub.iYCH.sub.2.sub.j, i and j are independently 0, or an integer from 1 to 4; Y is O, S, CH.sub.2, or NH; R.sup.1 is independently C.sub.1-8 alkyl group; and, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen, or independently C.sub.1-8 alkyl group; and, the cross-linking reagent is a compound having at least two imide groups.

The present invention, among other things, provides highly syndiotactic poly(dicyclopentadiene) and/or hydrogenated poly(dicyclopentadiene), compositions thereof, and compounds and methods for preparing the same. In some embodiments, a provided compound is a compound of formula I, II or III. In some embodiments, a provided method comprises providing a compound of formula I, II or III.

Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling formation of particulate matter from a non-polar ignitable composition upon ignition of the non-polar ignitable composition, alone or in combination with control of a physical and/or chemical property of the non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms.

Provided is a method of manufacturing a patterned substrate. The method may be applied to a process of manufacturing a device such as an electronic device or integrated circuit, or another use, for example, to manufacture an integrated optical system, a guidance and detection pattern of a magnetic domain memory, a flat panel display, a LCD, a thin film magnetic head or an organic light emitting diode, and used to construct a pattern on a surface to be used to manufacture a discrete tract medium such as an integrated circuit, a bit-patterned medium and/or a magnetic storage device such as a hard drive.

Provided herein are catalysts for polymerization of linear alkynes to cyclic poly(alkynes), and methods of making and using same. For example, provided herein are compounds of formula (I), or dimers thereof:

##STR00001##

An oxygen-absorbing composition of the present invention contains: a gas barrier resin (A) having an oxygen transmission rate of 500 mL.Math.20 m/(m.sup.2.Math.day.Math.atm) or less as measured at 20 C. and 65% RH; a thermoplastic resin (B) including repeating units represented by General Formula (I) below

##STR00001## (where X is a methylene group or an oxygen atom, R.sup.1 is an alkenylene group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 5 to 5000); at least one type of metal salt (C) selected from the group consisting of an iron salt, a nickel salt, a copper salt, a manganese salt, and a cobalt salt; and a bifunctional processing stabilizer (D) that is a compound having an acrylate structure and a hindered phenol structure in a same molecule. The oxygen-absorbing resin composition of the present invention performs excellent oxygen-absorbing properties, and enables to reduce generation of an unpleasant odor caused by decomposition of the oxygen-absorbing composition during oxygen absorption.

The present invention provides, among other things, novel compounds and methods for metathesis reactions. In some embodiments, a provided compound has the structure of formula I or II. In some embodiments, the present invention provides compounds and methods for Z-selective olefin metathesis.

This invention relates generally to olefin metathesis catalyst compounds, to the preparation of such compounds, and the use of such catalysts in the metathesis of olefins and olefin compounds, more particularly, in the use of such catalysts in (E)-selective olefin metathesis reactions. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and industrial and fine chemicals chemistry.

A polymer and a method for preparing the same are provided. The polymer includes a first repeat unit and a second repeat unit. In particular, the first repeat unit is

##STR00001##

and, the second repeat unit is

##STR00002##

wherein R.sup.+ is

##STR00003##

A.sup. is F.sup., Cl.sup., Br.sup., I.sup., OH.sup., HCO.sub.3.sup., HSO.sub.4.sup., SbF.sub.6.sup., H.sub.2PO.sub.4.sup., H.sub.2PO.sub.3.sup., or H.sub.2PO.sub.2.sup.; X is

##STR00004##

i and j are independently 0, or an integer from 1 to 4; Y is O, S, CH.sub.2, or NH; R.sup.1 is independently C.sub.1-8 alkyl group; and, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen, or independently C.sub.1-8 alkyl group.

An ion exchange membrane is provided. The ion exchange membrane includes a reaction product of a polymer and a cross-linking reagent. The polymer includes a first repeat unit, and a second repeat unit. In particular, the first repeat unit is

##STR00001##

and, the second repeat unit is

##STR00002##

wherein R.sup.+ is

##STR00003##

A.sup. is F.sup., Cl.sup., Br.sup., I.sup., OH.sup., HCO.sub.3.sup., HSO.sub.4.sup., SbF.sub.6.sup., BF.sub.4.sup., H.sub.2PO.sub.4.sup., H.sub.2PO.sub.3.sup., or H.sub.2PO.sub.2.sup.; X is CH.sub.2.sub.iYCH.sub.2.sub.j, i and j are independently 0, or an integer from 1 to 4; Y is O, S, CH.sub.2, or NH; R.sup.1 is independently C.sub.1-8 alkyl group; and, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen, or independently C.sub.1-8 alkyl group; and, the cross-linking reagent is a compound having at least two imide groups.