The invention relates to an N-heterocyclic carbene complex of general formulas I to IV (I) (II) (III) (IV), according to which A1 stands for NR2 or PR2, A2 stands for CR2 R2, NR2, PR2, 0 or S, A3 stands for N or P, and C stands for a carbene carbon atom, ring B is an unsubstituted or a mono or poly-substituted 5 to 7-membered ring, substituents R2 and R2 stand, inter alia, for a linear or branched C1-Cw-alkyl group and, if N and N each stand for NR2 or PR2, are the same or different, M in formulas I, II, III or IV stands for Cr, Mo or W, X 1 or X2 in formulas I to IV are the same or different and represent, inter alia, C1-C1s carboxylates and C1-C1s-alkoxides, Y is inter alia oxygen or sulphur, Z is inter alia a linear or branched C1-Cw-alkylenoxy group, and R 1 and R1 in formulas I to IV are, inter alia, an aliphatic or aromatic group. These compounds are particularly suitable for use as catalysts for olefin metathesis reactions and have the advantage, compared to known Schrock carbene complexes, of displaying clearly increased tolerance to functional groups such as, in particular, aldehydes, secondary amines, nitriles, carboxylic acids and alcohols.

Provided is a polymer from which an encapsulant excellent in weather resistance and processability can be obtained when being used for an encapsulant for a solar cell. The polymer that has a main chain comprising repeating units represented by formula (1) and repeating units represented by formula (2) and satisfies requirements (a1), (a2), and (a3), ##STR00001##
(a1): the ratio of the number of the repeating units represented by formula (2) to the total number of the carbon atoms that constitute the main chain of the polymer is from 3.8% to 7.5%;
(a2): the ratio X represented by formula (3) is from 82% to 100%;
X=100A/B(3)
(a3): the polymer has a melting point of 42 C. to 90 C. as measured with a differential scanning calorimeter.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a composite molded article having a flexural modulus at 150 C. of 25% or more of a flexural modulus at 23 C., including the steps of (1) placing glass fibers in a mold; (2) impregnating glass fibers with a polymerizable composition containing a cycloolefin monomer, a metathesis polymerization catalyst, a radical generator, and a compound represented by the general formula (I); (3) subjecting the above polymerizable composition with which the glass fibers are impregnated to a bulk polymerization to provide a composite molded article; and (4) demolding the composite molded article; and a composite molded article obtained by the above method. According to the method of the present invention, a composite molded article containing glass fibers, the composite molded article having excellent mechanical strength can be produced.

The present invention provides a stress measuring method including: irradiating a photoelastic product including a measurement subject with light penetrating a linear polarizing film and a phase difference film in this order, and detecting reflected light from the product which is derived from the light via the phase difference film and the linear polarizing film in this order, in which in-plane retardation Re (550) of the phase difference film with light having a wavelength of 550 nm satisfies 100 nmRe (550 nm)700 nm, and in-plane retardation Re (450) of the phase difference film with light having a wavelength of 450 nm satisfies Re (450)/Re (550)0.9, a stress measuring member including the linear polarizing film and the phase difference film, and a stress measuring set including the stress measuring member and a stress displaying member including a photoelastic layer.

A method for coating of a metallic article is provided. According to the method, the metal surface is coated with a composition which comprises a polymer or comprises a two-component system that reacts to form a polymer following application to the metal surface. The composition comprises 70-2700 meq/kg olefinic double bonds which leads to stronger adhesion and to increased corrosion resistance.

This invention relates generally to olefin metathesis catalyst compounds, to the preparation of such compounds, and the use of such catalysts in the metathesis of olefins and olefin compounds, more particularly, in the use of such catalysts in (E)-selective olefin metathesis reactions. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and industrial and fine chemicals chemistry.

Provided herein are copolymer electrolytes and electrocatalyst platforms, including brush block copolymers, triblock brush copolymers and pentablock brush copolymers. The copolymers described have beneficial chemical, physical and electrical properties including high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. In embodiments, for example, the provided copolymer electrolytes and electrocatalyst platforms are doped with lithium salts or mixed with ionic liquids to form ion gels. In some embodiments, the copolymers provided herein self-assemble into physically cross-linked polymer networks with additional useful properties. The provided copolymers have low dispersity in the polymer side chains and do not require post-polymerization modifications.

The present invention is: a hydrogenated tetracyclododecene-based ring-opening polymer comprising a repeating unit (A) derived from tetracyclododecene in a ratio of 40 wt % or more based on a total amount of repeating units, a ratio of meso diads in the repeating unit (A) being 65% or more; and a method for producing the same. By means of the present invention, provided are: a crystalline hydrogenated tetracyclododecene-based ring-opening polymer having a high melting point and a high glass transition temperature, and exhibiting excellent heat resistance and excellent processability even after forming due to melt forming; and a method for producing the same.

The invention relates to hybrid compositions comprising at least one cyclic olefin monomer composition: at least one resin composition polymerizable by addition or condensation polymerization; and, optionally, at least one additive. The invention also relates to articles of manufacture made from the hybrid compositions of the invention, and methods of making the articles. The invention also relates to coating compositions comprising the hybrid compositions of the invention, and to objects or substrates coated with the coating compositions of the invention, which may then be cured. The invention also relates to methods of coating the objects or substrates with the coating compositions of the invention. The invention further relates to the use of the hybrid compositions of the invention as adhesives.

Radical cascade reactions enabling sequence-controlled ring-closing polymerization and ring-opening polymerization for the controlled synthesis of polymers with complex main-chain structures are provided. Facile syntheses leading to low-strain macrocyclic monomers consisting of the ring-opening triggers and extended main-chain structures are also provided. The present disclosure further provides methods for excellent control over polymer molecular weights and molecular weight distributions and high chain-end fidelity allows for the preparation of polymeric systems with well-defined architectures. Further provided are the general nature of the radical cascade-triggered transformations in polymer chemistry, and its application to the synthesis of polymers with diverse main-chain structural motifs with tailored functions. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.