A material for forming an underlayer film used in a multi-layer resist process satisfies: (i) an elemental composition ratio Re defined by the following mathematical formula (1) is 1.5 to 2.8; (ii) a glass transition temperature is 30° C. to 250° C.; and (iii) the material contains at least one (preferably two or more) resin having a specific structural unit. In the mathematical formula (1), N.sub.H is the number of hydrogen atoms in the solid content of the material for forming an underlayer film, N.sub.C is the number of carbon atoms in the solid content of the material for forming an underlayer film, and N.sub.O is the number of oxygen atoms in the solid content of the material for forming an underlayer film.

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{Re}=\frac{N_H+N_C+N_O}{N_C-N_O}& \left(1\right)\end{array}$

A polymerizable composition comprised of a mixture of a norbornene-based monomer and a metathesis polymerization catalyst which is solidified by cooling is provided. Preferably, the norbornene-based monomer has a freezing point of 20° C. or more, more preferably the metathesis polymerization catalyst is a ruthenium-carbene complex. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a polymerizable composition which is excellent in storage stability and which enables industrial production of small resin shaped articles which are excellent in stability of quality.

A rubber composition for a tire containing a cyclopentene ring-opening polymer and a solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber. The rubber composition is a cross-linked rubber with excellent wet grip and low heat buildup properties.

The present application relates to a block copolymer and uses thereof. The present application can provide a block copolymer—which exhibits an excellent self-assembling property and thus can be used effectively in a variety of applications—and uses thereof.

The invention provides: imidazole and imidazolium compounds of formulas (I) and (II): ##STR00001##
polymers containing a plurality of imidazolium-containing repeating units of formula (III′): ##STR00002##
and membranes and devices comprising the polymers. Also provided are methods of making the inventive compounds and polymers.

A tetraanionic OCO pincer ligand metal-oxo-alkylidene complex is prepared from a trianionic pincer ligand supported metal-alkylidyne. The metal can be tungsten or other group 5-7 transition metal. The tetraanionic pincer ligand metal-oxo-alkylidene complex, a trianionic OCO pincer ligand metal complex, or a trianionic ONO pincer ligand metal complex can be used to polymerize cycloalkenes. The poly(cycloalkene)s are predominantly cis-alkene macrocyclics.

Compositions useful for improving the adhesion of coating compositions, such as dielectric film-forming compositions, include a hydrolyzed poly(alkoxysilane). These compositions are useful in methods of improving the adhesion of coating compositions to a substrate.

Articles of manufacture possessing corrosion resistance characteristics are described, in particular for use in the chlor-alkali and other industries. The articles are formed from a resin composition, e.g., a cyclic olefin composition, polymerized with a Group 8 olefin metathesis catalyst. In particular aspects, an electrolytic cell component, such as a cell cover for use in the electrolysis of brine, may be formed from the resin composition. Among other benefits, such articles provide improved corrosion resistance compared to articles molded from other resin compositions, such as fiberglass reinforced polyesters and vinyl esters, and two-component dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) resins comprising molybdenum or tungsten pre-catalysts.

There is provided a curable composition comprising (A) a cyclic olefin; (B) a metathesis catalyst for polymerizing the cyclic olefin; (C) 0.1-30 wt. % of a compound comprising at least one vinyl group; and (D) 0.1-10 wt. % of a curing agent for compound (C), wherein the wt. % are relative to the total weight of the composition. The composition provides a desirable combination of workability, toughness and heat resistance. Also provided is a molded article comprising the composition and reinforcing fibers, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Provided is a rubber composition for a tire containing a rubber component including 15 to 55 wt % of an end modified group-containing cycloolefin ring-opening polymer having a glass transition temperature of −120 to −90° C. and 45 to 85 wt % of an end modified group-containing solution polymerized conjugated diene polymer having a glass transition temperature of −60 to −10° C. and having an aromatic vinyl monomer unit content ratio of more than 30 wt % and 50 wt % or less, a silica, and a silane coupling agent including a monosulfide group and/or a thiol group, wherein the content of the silica with respect to 100 parts by weight of the rubber component is 30 to 200 parts by weight, and the content of the silane coupling agent including a monosulfide group and/or a thiol group with respect to 100 parts by weight of the silica is 0.3 to 20 parts by weight.