Systems and methods that can employ a bleeding sensor that uses an optical mechanism to detect blood in the patients GI tract are described. The bleeding sensor includes a substrate holding a centrally-located light detector with a broad sensitivity spectrum and at least two light emitters positioned radially around the centrally-located light detector, each light emitter configured to emit light of different primary wavelengths. The bleeding sensor has a gap between each of the at least two light emitters and the centrally-located light detector that accepts the contents of a patients gastrointestinal tract. An optical cap covers the centrally-located light detector and the at least two light emitters to direct the light emitted from the at least two light emitters through the gap and onto the centrally-located light detector.

Systems and methods for diagnosing or monitoring progress of a pathology using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and machine learning are disclosed.

Intestinal absorption is enhanced in short bowel syndrome patients presenting with colon-in-continuity by treatment with a GLP-2 receptor agonist, such as teduglutide.

Intestinal absorption is enhanced in short bowel syndrome patients presenting with colon-in-continuity by treatment with a GLP-2 receptor agonist, such as teduglutide.

Disclosed are nano/micromotor devices, systems, and methods for providing payloads in the gastrointestinal system. In one aspect, a micromotor for a gastrointestinal tract includes a micromotor body including a one or more material layers to provide a structure that surrounds a hollow interior region and has an opening to an exterior of the micromotor body; one or more particles including a biocompatible metal element, the one or more particles contained in the interior region of the micromotor body; a coating coupled to the structure of the micromotor body; and a payload material, in which the micromotor is structured to move in a fluid of a gastrointestinal system based on a reaction between the one or more particles and a constituent or a condition of the fluid, such that the reaction generates bubbles that accelerate out of the opening of the micromotor body to propel the micromotor in the fluid.

Intestinal absorption is enhanced in short bowel syndrome patients presenting with colon-in-continuity by treatment with a GLP-2 receptor agonist, such as teduglutide.

Intestinal absorption is enhanced in short bowel syndrome patients presenting with colon-in-continuity by treatment with a GLP-2 receptor agonist, such as teduglutide.

Systems and methods for noninvasively determining the function capacity of the kidney are provided. In the methods, first contrast agent is injected into the vasculature of a subject. The contrast agent is to be bound with functioning glomeruli of the kidney of the subject. Then, the kidney is imaged with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system to acquire MRI images of the kidney. In the images, signal magnitudes or phases of voxels of regions bound with the contrast agent are different from signal magnitudes or phases of voxels of regions not bound with the contrast agent. Afterwards, the function capacity of the kidney is determined using the MRI images. Lastly, a report of the function capacity of the kidney is generated.

Intestinal absorption is enhanced in short bowel syndrome patients presenting with colon-in-continuity by treatment with a GLP-2 receptor agonist, such as teduglutide.

Intestinal absorption is enhanced in short bowel syndrome patients presenting with colon-in-continuity by treatment with a GLP-2 receptor agonist, such as teduglutide.