The present disclosure provides methods for assessing the severity of an anorectal disorder, such as hemorrhoids. Also provided herein are systems, including exemplar computer-readable storage media and electronic devices, for performing such methods. Such methods and systems provide effective measures and instruments useful for evaluating treatment effectiveness for patients with anorectal disorders.

Disclosed are nano/micromotor devices, systems, and methods for providing payloads in the gastrointestinal system. In one aspect, a micromotor for a gastrointestinal tract includes a micromotor body including a one or more material layers to provide a structure that surrounds a hollow interior region and has an opening to an exterior of the micromotor body; one or more particles including a biocompatible metal element, the one or more particles contained in the interior region of the micromotor body; a coating coupled to the structure of the micromotor body; and a payload material, in which the micromotor is structured to move in a fluid of a gastrointestinal system based on a reaction between the one or more particles and a constituent or a condition of the fluid, such that the reaction generates bubbles that accelerate out of the opening of the micromotor body to propel the micromotor in the fluid.

Intestinal absorption is enhanced in short bowel syndrome patients presenting with colon-in-continuity by treatment with a GLP-2 receptor agonist, such as teduglutide.

Intestinal absorption is enhanced in short bowel syndrome patients presenting with colon-in-continuity by treatment with a GLP-2 receptor agonist, such as teduglutide.

Intestinal absorption is enhanced in short bowel syndrome patients presenting with colon-in-continuity by treatment with a GLP-2 receptor agonist, such as teduglutide.

Intestinal absorption is enhanced in short bowel syndrome patients presenting with colon-in-continuity by treatment with a GLP-2 receptor agonist, such as teduglutide.

Intestinal absorption is enhanced in short bowel syndrome patients presenting with colon-in-continuity by treatment with a GLP-2 receptor agonist, such as teduglutide.

Intestinal absorption is enhanced in short bowel syndrome patients presenting with colon-in-continuity by treatment with a GLP-2 receptor agonist, such as teduglutide.

Intestinal absorption is enhanced in short bowel syndrome patients presenting with colon-in-continuity by treatment with a GLP-2 receptor agonist, such as teduglutide.

Intestinal absorption is enhanced in short bowel syndrome patients presenting with colon-in-continuity by treatment with a GLP-2 receptor agonist, such as teduglutide.