A surface of a marine object is treated with an antifouling paint. The antifouling paint comprises a porous silicate and a wax. The porous silicate has a particle size of between 1 and 100 μm and is in a concentration of between 18 and 60 weight percent. The antifouling paint is applied to the surface. The wax is used to encapsulate the porous silicate and to prevent an immediate release of ions from the porous silicate.

A graft copolymer includes an oxazoline-based derivative grafted onto a polymer including a structural unit. A composition may include the copolymer, and an article may be manufactured from the composition.

A leather finishing composition includes water, a polymeric component, and a non-ionic surfactant component covalently bonded to the polymeric component. Advantageously, the leather finishing composition is substantially free of ionic groups. A method for applying the leather finishing composition to a leather substrate is provided.

The present invention provides a novel antifouling article comprising a base material, a diamond-like carbon layer and an antifouling coating layer which is formed on the diamond-like carbon layer from a surface treating agent comprising a perfluoropolyether group-containing compound and having high acid resistant and alkaline resistant.

The present invention relates to an antifouling coating composition, an antifouling coating film, a substrate with an antifouling coating film, a antifouling substrate, a method for producing substrate with an antifouling coating film, and a method for preventing substrate from fouling. The antifouling coating composition includes a hydrolyzable polymer (A) including at least one selected from the group consisting of a polymer (A1) having a structural unit represented by the formula (1) below and a polymer (A2) having a structural unit represented by the formula (2) below, a tertiary carboxylic acid component (B) including versatic acid, and an antifouling agent component (C).

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[In the formula (1), M is zinc or copper, and R.sup.1 independently at each occurrence is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.]

—COO-M-O—COR.sup.2  (2)

[In the formula (2), M is zinc or copper, and R.sup.2 is an organic group.]

The present invention relates to a PVC-based metallopolymer nanocomposite. The PVC-based metallopolymer nanocomposite includes a core-forming metal ion, a nucleophilic thiol having three mercapto functional groups, and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The present invention also relates to a metallopolymer nanocomposite surface modified with silica that is prepared by grafting the PVC-based metallopolymer nanocomposite with a silane compound.

A hydroxyl-covered silicon quantum dot nanoparticle having a silicon core, a plurality of silicon quantum dots, and a plurality of hydrocarbon chains is illustrated. A first portion of a surface associated with the silicon core is passivated by a plurality of silicon hydroxyl groups (Si—OH). The silicon quantum dots are attached to a second portion of the surface associated with the silicon core. The hydrocarbon chains are bonded to each of the silicon quantum dots through a plurality of silicon carbide bonds (Si—C), wherein each termination of the hydrocarbon chains has a carbon hydroxyl group (C—OH), such that the hydroxyl-covered silicon quantum dot nanoparticle is thoroughly covered by the carbon hydroxyl groups (C—OH) and the silicon hydroxyl groups (Si—OH).

The present invention provides a surface-treating agent comprising a fluorine-containing compound having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond at its molecular terminal as a group of —Y-A wherein Y is a single bond, an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group, and A is —CH═CH.sub.2 or —C≡CH, which is able to form a layer having higher alkaline resistance.

A coating composition is provided comprising nanoparticles and certain polymers comprising carboxylic acid groups or salts thereof. When applied to articles, the coating is resistant to soiling by both dry dust and wet soil. Coated articles and methods of applying coatings are also described herein.

A surface-treating agent including a fluorine-containing compound having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond at its molecular terminal as a group of —Y-A wherein Y is a single bond, an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group, and A is —CH═CH.sub.2 or —C≡CH, which is able to form a layer having higher alkaline resistance.