A method of applying a coating composition to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator include the steps of providing the high transfer efficiency applicator comprising an array of nozzles wherein each nozzle defines a nozzle orifice having a diameter of from 0.00002 m to 0.0004, providing the coating composition, and applying the coating composition to the substrate through the nozzle orifice without atomization such that at least 99.9% of the applied coating composition contacts the substrate to form a coating layer having a wet thickness of at least 5 microns, wherein the coating composition includes a carrier, a binder, and a radar reflective pigment or a LiDAR reflective pigment. The coating composition has an Ohnesorge number (Oh) of from about 0.01 to about 12.6, a Reynolds number (Re) of from about 0.02 to about 6,200, and a Deborah number (De) of from greater than 0 to about 1730.

In one aspect, inks for use with a three-dimensional (3D) printing system are described herein. In some embodiments, an ink described herein comprises up to 80 wt. % oligomeric curable material; up to 80 wt. % monomeric curable material; up to 10 wt. % photoinitiator; up to 1 wt. % non-curable absorber material; and up to 10 wt. % one or more additional components, based on the total weight of the ink, and wherein the total amount of the foregoing components is equal to 100 wt. %. Additionally, the photoinitiator is operable to initiate curing of the oligomeric curable material and/or the monomeric curable material when the photoinitiator is exposed to incident curing radiation having a peak wavelength λ. Moreover, the ink has a penetration depth (D.sub.p), a critical energy (E.sub.c), and a print through depth (D.sub.PT) at the wavelength λ of less than or equal to 2×D.sub.p.

In one aspect, inks for use with a three-dimensional (3D) printing system are described herein. In some embodiments, an ink described herein comprises up to 80 wt. % oligomeric curable material; up to 80 wt. % monomeric curable material; up to 10 wt. % photoinitiator; up to 1 wt. % non-curable absorber material; and up to 10 wt. % one or more additional components, based on the total weight of the ink, and wherein the total amount of the foregoing components is equal to 100 wt. %. Additionally, the photoinitiator is operable to initiate curing of the oligomeric curable material and/or the monomeric curable material when the photoinitiator is exposed to incident curing radiation having a peak wavelength λ. Moreover, the ink has a penetration depth (D.sub.p), a critical energy (E.sub.c), and a print through depth (D.sub.PT) at the wavelength λ of less than or equal to 2×D.sub.p.

Provided is an aqueous ink that excels in a hue as a yellow ink, and capable of recording an image that excels both in color developability and light fastness. The aqueous ink is an ink for inkjet, containing a first coloring material and a second coloring material. The first coloring material is a compound represented by general formula (1), and the second coloring material is a compound represented by general formula (2). ##STR00001##

Provided is an aqueous ink that excels in a hue as a yellow ink, and capable of recording an image that excels both in color developability and light fastness. The aqueous ink is an ink for inkjet, containing a first coloring material and a second coloring material. The first coloring material is a compound represented by general formula (1), and the second coloring material is a compound represented by general formula (2). ##STR00001##

This specification discloses non-aqueous solvent, pigmented ink formulations that are suitable for the electronic and aerospace industries and form printed marks that are resistant to smearing and dissolution by organic solvents commonly used in overcoatings in this industry and others. These ink formulations are based on use of an acidic resin with an inherent acid value of at least about 25 mg KOH/g, preferably at least partially neutralized by a quaternary ammonium hydroxide and/or alcohol amine acid neutralizing or modifying agent.

This specification discloses non-aqueous solvent, pigmented ink formulations that are suitable for the electronic and aerospace industries and form printed marks that are resistant to smearing and dissolution by organic solvents commonly used in overcoatings in this industry and others. These ink formulations are based on use of an acidic resin with an inherent acid value of at least about 25 mg KOH/g, preferably at least partially neutralized by a quaternary ammonium hydroxide and/or alcohol amine acid neutralizing or modifying agent.

A dielectric ink composition includes an epoxy precursor and a photoacid generator. The dielectric ink composition is aerosolable and ultraviolet (UV) curable.

A dielectric ink composition includes an epoxy precursor and a photoacid generator. The dielectric ink composition is aerosolable and ultraviolet (UV) curable.

Hydrogel three-dimensional printing kits, methods of three-dimensional printing and three-dimensional printed hydro-gels are described. In one example, a three-dimensional printing kit can comprise a particulate build material, a crosslinking agent and a structural modifier. The particulate build material may comprise a polyhydroxylated polymer having hydroxyl groups. The crosslinking gent is for crosslinking the polyhydroxylated polymer by a reaction with the hydroxyl groups. The structural modifier can have a plurality of functional groups for forming a network within the hydrogel, and where the structural modifier may have a reactivity that is chemically orthogonal to the reaction with the hydroxyl groups for crosslinking the polyhydroxylated polymer.