A surface-coated cutting tool according to the present invention includes a tool body and a hard coating layer including a complex carbonitride layer containing a small amount of chlorine and (Ti.sub.(1-x)Zr.sub.xyHf.sub.x(1-y))(N.sub.(1-z)C.sub.z) (0.10≤x≤0.90, 0<y≤1.0, 0.08<z<0.60), a ZrHf and C content ratios in cycles, a cycle distance between a maximum ZrHf content point and an adjacent minimum ZrHf content point and a cycle distance between a maximum C content point and an adjacent minimum C content point are 5 to 100 nm, an average value of content ratio differences Δx and Δz is 0.02 or more, a distance between the maximum ZrHf content point and the maximum C content point is ⅕ or less of the distance between a maximum content point and a minimum content point of adjacent ZrHf components, and a composition fluctuation structure is 10% or more.

A water-based ballpoint pen contains an aqueous ink composition in which resin particles having an average particle diameter of at least 0.3 μm are blended. The water-based ballpoint pen is provided with a ballpoint pen tip including a writing ball. The writing ball is formed from a mixture that includes a hard phase component comprising tungsten carbide, a binder phase component comprising cobalt and nickel, and chromium.

An electro-conductive B.sub.4C—TiB.sub.2 has a microstructure in which large B.sub.4C grains are coated by small TiB.sub.2 grains. The composite ceramic includes 10˜30% by volume of TiB.sub.2. A method for preparing the electro-conductive B.sub.4C—TiB.sub.2 composite ceramic includes: (1) weighing B.sub.4C, TiC, and amorphous B powder; (2) mixing evenly and drying thoroughly the powders; and (3) loading the mixed powder into a graphite mold; and placing the graphite mold in a spark plasma sintering furnace for sintering under vacuum, where the sintering is performed at 2000° C. and 50 MPa for 5˜20 min.

An object shaping method includes a step of forming a powder layer using first powder, a step of placing second powder having an average particle diameter smaller than an average particle diameter of the first powder at a part of a region of the powder layer, and a first heating step of heating the powder layer in which the second powder is placed. The average particle diameter is equal to or larger than 1 nm and equal to or smaller than 500 nm, and the first heating step performs heating the powder layer at a temperature at which particles contained in the second powder are sintered or melted.

Metal containing polymer compositions, useful for the production of high temperature metal carbide ceramics are described, including poly(carbohafnocene) compositions and related poly(carbometallocene) compositions, as well as compositions formed from the reaction of hafnium chloride and 2-butyne-1,4-diol. Methods of synthesizing such compositions are provided.

The invention relates to nickel-coated hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet composite powder, its preparation and high-performance composite ceramic cutting tool material. The composite powder has a core-shell structure with BNNS as the core and Ni as the shell. The self-lubricating ceramic cutting tool material is prepared by wet ball milling mixing and vacuum hot-pressing sintering with a phase alumina as the matrix, tungsten-titanium carbide as the reinforcing phase, nickel-coated hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet composite powder as the solid lubricant and magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide as the sintering aids. The invention also provides preparation methods of the nickel-coated hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet composite powder and the self-lubricating ceramic cutting tool material.

A binder for an injection moulding composition including: from 40 to 55 volume percent of a polymeric base, from 35 to 45 volume percent of a mixture of waxes or a mixture of wax and palm oil, and at least 5 volume percent of at least one surfactant, wherein the polymeric base is formed of copolymers of ethylene and methacrylic or acrylic acid, copolymers of ethylene and propylene and/or maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene, and polymers soluble in isopropyl alcohol, propyl alcohol and/or turpentine, and chosen from the group including a cellulose acetate butyrate, a polyvinyl butyral and a copolyamide, the respective quantities of the binder components being such that their sum is equal to 100 volume percent of the binder.

A process of forming a Si-containing ceramic comprises forming a Si-based polymeric composition. The process includes neutralizing a charge of said Si-based polymeric composition. The process includes adding thermal energy under a controlled atmosphere to the Si-based polymeric composition. A turbine engine component comprises an airfoil and the airfoil comprises a Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) material.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a composite, ultra-refractory, fibre-reinforced ceramic material obtained through the infiltration of carbon and/or silicon carbide fibres with a ceramic suspension comprising yttrium, lanthanum and/or scandium compounds, and the subsequent densification of the composite. The fibre-reinforced UHTC compounds obtained by the process can be used for making items intended for use in extreme temperature and pressure conditions.

Method for manufacturing a CMC, i.e. ceramic matrix composite material, part provided with at least one cutout, as well as to such a CMC part provided with at least one cutout, the method comprising the following steps: providing (E1) a fibrous reinforcement (10), forming (E2′) a cavity in a portion of the fibrous reinforcement (10), injecting (E3) a slip comprising at least a ceramic powder and a solvent, the slip being injected so as to impregnate the fibrous reinforcement (10′) and to fill the cavity of the fibrous reinforcement (10′), drying (E4) the obtained assembly, carrying out a densification (E6) by infiltration of a liquid densification material and solidification of said densification material, machining (E7) at least one cutout in the obtained blank (30) within the volume corresponding to the cavity of the fibrous reinforcement (10).