Provided herein is an aluminum surface having an abrasion- and peel-resistant sol-gel coating. To obtain the coating, the aluminum surface is treated with an aqueous, oxidizing solution, such that said surface provides a suitable base for the subsequent sol-gel coating.

The present disclosure provides a solution for a metal oxide semiconductor thin film, including metal hydroxides dissolved in an aqueous or nonaqueous solvent and an acid/base titrant for controlling solubility of metal hydroxides. A solution is synthesized to improve stability and semiconductive performance of a device through addition of other metal hydroxides. The solution is applied on a substrate and annealed by using various annealing apparatuses to obtain a high-quality metal oxide thin film at low temperatures. The thin film is optically transparent, and thus can be applied to thin films for various electronic devices, solar cells, various sensors, memory devices, and the like.

A steel sheet coating method is performed by an apparatus that includes a cleaner configured to apply cleaning liquid to clean a surface of a steel sheet, a polisher that applies polishing liquid to the cleaned surface and includes at least one polishing wheel configured to polish the surface of the steel sheet, a coater that includes a plurality of coating rollers configured to coat the polished surface of the steel sheet with coating liquid, and a curing furnace including curing chambers that are configured to heat the steel sheet coated with the coating liquid, that have different heating temperatures, and that are configured to cure the coating liquid on the steel sheet based on heating the steel sheet in one chamber having a first temperature and then heating the steel sheet in another chamber having a second temperature greater than the first temperature.

An embodiment of the invention provides a method for forming a magnesium (Mg)-containing coating layer on the surface of a metal support, which comprises a first step of preparing a precursor solution containing a magnesium component, a second step of forming a precipitate on the surface of a metal support by immersing and aging the metal support in the precursor solution prepared in the first step, and a third step of forming a magnesium-containing coating layer on the surface of the metal support by calcinating the precipitate formed in the second step.

A functional ink that includes a precursor sol-gel solution and a solvent is provided. The precursor sol-gel solution is used for forming an oxide dielectric film having a perovskite structure represented by a general formula ABO.sub.3, and has been subjected to a partial hydrolysis process in which a viscosity change resulting from the partial hydrolysis process is controlled to be less than or equal to 50%, and water contained in the precursor sol-gel solution is controlled to be greater than or equal to 0.50 times and less than or equal to 10 times by molar ratio with respect to a B site atom contained in the precursor sol-gel solution. The functional ink has a metal oxide concentration and a viscosity that renders the functional ink suitable for being discharged from a nozzle of a liquid droplet discharge apparatus included in a thin film fabrication apparatus.

A ceramic electronic component including a ceramic element assembly, an external electrode, and an underlying layer. In this ceramic electronic component, the underlying layer is formed on the ceramic element assembly, the external electrode is formed on the underlying layer, the underlying layer is formed of a metal material and a glass material containing a silicon atom, and the metal material exists in a highly dispersed state in the glass material.

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing an electrolytic electrode, the method capable of appropriately controlling the amount of an electrode catalyst component as desired and also capable of manufacturing a high-performance electrolytic electrode in a cost-effective and efficient way without affecting the electrode performance. A method for manufacturing an electrolytic electrode including a step of forming an electrode catalyst layer on each of a front and a back of a conductive electrode substrate, by applying a coating solution containing a starting material for the electrode catalyst component on the front of the conductive electrode substrate with a plurality of holes, the conductive electrode substrate being expanded mesh or the like, and thereafter drying and firing the coating solution, wherein the substrate contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Ta, Nb, Zr, Hf, and Ni, and alloys thereof, the electrode catalyst component contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Pt, Ir, Ru, Pd, Os, and oxides thereof, and an amount of the electrode catalyst component adhering to the back of the substrate is controlled by preheating the substrate to a temperature higher than room temperature at least once before the coating solution is applied and/or by presetting the temperature to which the substrate is preheated in the electrode catalyst layer-forming step.

A composition for forming a silica based layer and a method for manufacturing a silica based layer, the composition including a silicon-containing compound, the silicon-containing compound including a hydrogenated polysilazane moiety, a hydrogenated polysiloxazane moiety, or a combination thereof, and a solvent, wherein a number of particles of the silicon-containing compound in the composition and having a particle diameter of about 0.2 m to about 1 m is less than or equal to about 10/ml.

The present invention related to a silicon based coating suitable for being applied onto metallic surfaces of a household appliance. The coating of the present invention protects the metallic surfaces of the household appliance against the yellowing or changes in color, through temperatures, among other factors, and eases the cleaning of the same.

Techniques for controlling a solid precursor vapor source are provided. An example method of controlling a solid precursor vapor source includes providing a carrier gas to a sublimation vessel containing a solid precursor material, and the carrier gas is configured to flow over a surface of the precursor material (advective flow source), wherein the carrier gas is heated with a carrier gas temperature control device prior to entering the sublimation vessel, measuring a temperature of a vapor exiting the sublimation vessel, and controlling a temperature of the carrier gas with the carrier gas temperature control device based at least in part on the temperature of the vapor exiting the sublimation vessel.