A flexible thin film metal oxide electrode fabrication methods and devices are provided and illustrated with thin film polyimide electrode formation and IrOx chemical bath deposition. Growth factors of the deposited film such as film thickness, deposition rate and quality of crystallites can be controlled by varying the solution pH, temperature and component concentrations of the bath. The methods allow for selective deposition of IrOx on a flexible substrate (e.g. polyimide electrode) where the IrOx will only coat onto an exposed metal area but not the entire device surface. This feature enables the bath process to coat the IrOx onto every individual electrode in one batch, and to ensure electrical isolation between channels. The ability to perform selective deposition, pads for external connections will not have IrOx coverage that would otherwise interfere with a soldering/bumping process.

A ceramic electronic component including a ceramic element assembly, an external electrode, and an underlying layer. In this ceramic electronic component, the underlying layer is formed on the ceramic element assembly, the external electrode is formed on the underlying layer, the underlying layer is formed of a metal material and a glass material containing a silicon atom, and the metal material exists in a highly dispersed state in the glass material.

A method of forming a carbonized composition includes providing an organic composition, forming a protective layer over the organic composition, increasing temperature to carbonize the organic composition and for a period of time to form the carbonized composition, and removing the protective layer from the carbonized composition.

Systems and methods for depositing a thin film layer onto a flexible ferromagnetic substrate include a porous block in a deposition zone and a plurality of magnets embedded within the porous block. The magnets provide a downward force on a flexible ferromagnetic substrate being transported over the porous block, e.g., in a reel-to-reel system. Pressurized gas is forced upward through the porous block, providing an upward force that balances the downward force and supports the substrate at a desired height above the porous block. The substrate is thus held flat during transport through the deposition zone, enabling uniform deposition of a thin film layer.

Provided is a method of forming a metal oxide layer may include forming a parent metal oxide layer on the substrate structure; changing the parent metal oxide layer into a cation-exchanged metal oxide layer through a cation exchange reaction between cations in the parent metal oxide layer and cations in the reaction solution by contacting the parent metal oxide layer with a reaction solution containing these latter cations; and performing a heat treatment process on the cation-exchanged metal oxide layer.

Techniques for controlling a solid precursor vapor source are provided. An example method disclosure includes providing a carrier gas to a precursor material in a sublimation vessel, such that the sublimation vessel includes an inlet area and an outlet area configured to enable the carrier gas to flow through the precursor material, and at least one thermal device configured to add or remove heat from the sublimation vessel, determining a sublimation temperature value and a delta temperature value based on the precursor material and the carrier gas, setting a first temperature in the sublimation vessel based on the sublimation temperature value and the delta temperature value, such that the first temperature is measured proximate to the inlet area, and setting a second temperature in the sublimation vessel based on the sublimation temperature value, such that the second temperature is measured proximate to the outlet area.

A turbine engine part coated in at least a first ceramic layer forming a thermal barrier and including a ceramic material with first ceramic fibers dispersed in the first layer. The first layer may have a chemical composition gradient between a material for forming a thermal barrier and a material for providing protection against calcium and magnesium aluminosilicates, which is present at a greater content in an outer zone of the first layer, and/or the first layer may be porous and may present a porosity gradient such that an outer portion of the first layer presents lower porosity.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to methods of manufacturing a textured surface comprising disposing a nanoparticulate ink on a substrate.

A sol-gel method for forming durable, scratch-resistant coatings on glass substrates. Zirconia coatings, for example, are formed from a solution of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate in an organic, polar, aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide. Annealed coatings, which optionally include an additive such as graphene, have a low coefficient of friction and can exhibit high hardness and hydrophobicity.

A method for manufacturing an inorganic thin film electroluminescent display element comprises forming a layer structure, said forming the layer structure comprising forming a first dielectric layer (11); forming a luminescent layer (12), comprising manganese doped zinc sulfide ZnS:Mn, on the first dielectric layer, and forming a second dielectric layer (13) on the luminescent layer. Each of the first and the second dielectric layers are formed so as to comprise nanolaminate with alternating aluminum oxide Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and zirconium oxide ZrO.sub.2 sub-layers.