An ophthalmic treatment device for photobiomodulation of a retina comprising: a treatment light source producing a continuous wave or quasi-continuous wave output beam having a wavelength in the range of 600 nm to 1000 nm and a power in the range of 1 mW to 500 mW; a beam homogenizing module that homogenizes the output beam of the treatment light source; a beam shaping module that modifies the output beam profile to produce a treatment light beam with an annular light beam profile; and a beam delivery and viewing module that allows an Operator to observe and operate to deliver the treatment light beam to the treatment location on the retina with an intensity in the range of 1 mW/cm.sup.2 to 500 mW/cm.sup.2.

Devices and methods for novel retinal irradiance distribution modification (IDM) to improve, stabilize or restore vision are described herein. Also encompassed herein are devices and methods to reduce vision loss from diseases, injuries and disorders that involve damaged and/or dysfunctional and/or sensorily deprived retinal cells. Conditions that may be treated using devices and methods described herein include macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Therapy provided by retinal IDM devices and methods described herein may also be used in combination with other therapies including, but not limited to, pharmacological, retinal laser, gene and stem cell therapies.

In corneal crosslinking, the anterior surface of the cornea of the eye is maintained in contact with a first liquid having a first concentration of a crosslinking catalyst such as riboflavin, so that the catalyst enters the cornea and forms a first concentration profile (t1) in the corneal stroma. The anterior surface of the cornea is then maintained in contact with one or more additional liquids having concentration of the catalyst lower than the first concentration so that the catalyst forms a second concentration profile (t4, t5, t6) in the stroma. In the second concentration profile, the maximum concentration of the catalyst desirably is posterior to the anterior surface of the cornea. The cornea is irradiated and crosslinked. The second concentration profile facilitates crosslinking deep within the stroma.

One aspect of the invention provides a method of treating a cornea. The method includes controlling a light source to apply light energy pulses to a single corneal layer selected from the group consisting of: an anterior corneal layer and a posterior corneal layer. The light energy pulses are below an optical breakdown threshold for the cornea and ionize water molecules within the treated corneal layer to generate reactive oxygen species that cross-link collagen within the single corneal layer. Another aspect of the invention provides a method of treating a cornea. The method includes controlling a light source to apply light energy pulses to at least a corneal stroma layer of a cornea. The light energy pulses are below an optical breakdown threshold for the cornea and ionize water molecules within the treated corneal stromal layer to generate reactive oxygen species that cross-link collagen within the cornea.

Disorders of the eye can be treated by photobiomodulation therapy according to a device designed to direct light into a patient's eye, no matter the configuration of the eye. The device, including a printed circuit board that includes an array of light delivery devices and a heat sink lens, can be placed proximal to the patient's eye. The light delivery devices can be powered to generate light. The light can be directed into the patient's eye regardless of a position of the patient's eye.

A crosslinking control system, the use of the crosslinking control system, a laser system comprising the crosslinking control system, a crosslinking control method and a method for laser treatment are provided. The crosslinking control system comprises a photosensitizer providing unit, a light source configured to provide light having a wavelength suitable to activate the photosensitizer introduced into or applied onto the tissue for crosslinking, and a control computer.

Formulations, are used for eye treatments, e.g., cross-linking treatments. For example, a therapeutic formulation includes a photosensitizer and delivery agent(s), wherein the delivery agent(s) include at least one of: anesthetic agent(s), analgesic agent(s), tonicity agent(s), or shear-thinning, or viscosity-increasing agent(s). In another example, a method includes applying preparatory formulation(s) to increase a permeability of a corneal epithelium, and applying therapeutic formulation(s) to the epithelium, where the preparatory formulation(s) include zinc metalloproteinase, copper metalloproteinase, papain, bromelain, actinidin, ficain, N-acetylcysteine, ambroxol, carbocisteine, and/or erdosteine. In yet another example, a method includes applying therapeutic formulation(s) to a corneal epithelium to deliver the therapeutic formulation(s) to a stroma, and applying enhancement formulation(s) to the epithelium in response to applying the therapeutic formulation(s), where: the enhancement formulation(s) remove the therapeutic formulation(s) from the epithelium; close tight junctions of the epithelium; promote oxidation for the therapeutic agent(s); and/or further deliver the therapeutic formulation(s) to the stroma.

Technologies are generally described for normalized standard deviation transition based dosimetry monitoring for laser treatment. In some examples, a response signal may be generated based on a physical response to a laser pulse detected through acoustic or optical means. Each response signal may be a time series of data with a number of points. Standard deviation may be determined for each response signal and normalized using a mean or comparable normalization factor. Thus, a robust distribution may be computed from the response to each laser pulse. A change in the normalized standard deviation from each single pulse's time domain response data may be used to determine how many laser pulses remain before completion of the treatment (similar to event onset response). Thus, laser treatment may be continued based on an estimation of remaining pulses for completion or ceased if completion is reached.

An ophthalmic surgical apparatus includes: a support provided with an electrical path, and a probe including a conductive material, the probe including a first section coupled to the support and a second section formed integrally with and connected to the first section, the entire surface of the second section being exposed to the outside of the support.

Apparatus for medical treatment includes a laser source, which is configured to output a beam of laser radiation. An optical device is configured to direct the laser radiation to impinge on a limbal area of an eye with optical properties chosen so as to apply a desired treatment to a tissue structure associated with a cornea of the eye within the limbal area.