A method of joining a brittle material to a component is provided. The method includes depositing a metallization layer on a surface of the brittle material. A layer of joining material is applied between the brittle material and the component, such that the component and the brittle material define an interface area. The metallization layer and the joining material layer extends beyond the interface area.

A device includes a sensor die, an electrical coupling, a substrate, a liquid detection unit, and a housing unit. The sensor die is coupled to the substrate via the electrical coupling. The liquid detection unit electrically is coupled to the sensor die. The housing unit and the substrate are configured to house the sensor die, the liquid detection unit, and the electrical coupling. The housing unit comprises an opening that exposes the sensor die to an environment external to the housing unit. The liquid detection unit detects presence of liquid within an interior environment of the housing unit. In some embodiments, the device further includes a gel filled within the interior environment of the housing unit covering the sensor die and the substrate. The gel, e.g., silicone, fluoro silicone, etc., is configured to protect the sensor die, the electrical coupling, and the substrate from exposure to the liquid.

A device includes a sensor die, an electrical coupling, a substrate, and a housing unit. The sensor die is coupled to the substrate via the electrical coupling. The housing unit and the substrate are configured to house the sensor die and the electrical coupling. The housing unit comprises an opening that exposes the sensor die to an environment external to the housing unit. The housing unit may include a drainage configured to drain liquid, e.g., water, oil, etc., out from an interior environment of the housing unit to the environment external to the housing unit. In some embodiments the housing unit comprises a membrane barrier exposing the sensor die to an environment external to the housing unit while preventing liquid from the environment external to enter an interior environment of the housing unit. It is appreciated that in some embodiments, the membrane barrier may be porous and may be ePTFE.

The present invention provides a pressure detection unit and a pressure sensor using the same that have a high degree of airtightness and that are capable of suppressing bonding defects even when the base is made of ceramics. In the pressure detection unit, a linear expansion coefficient of ceramic that forms the ceramic base 110 is set to 1 (10.sup.6/K) and a linear expansion coefficient of metal that forms the metal ring member 140 is set to 2 (10.sup.6/K), a relationship of 0.721 exists between the linear expansion coefficients 1 and 2, and the metal ring member 140 is formed of a metal such as SUS420J2, SUS410, or SUS444, for example, which does not precipitate aluminum oxide on a brazing surface with a projecting portion.

A method for testing a switch in an advance pneumatic detector with a pressure tube includes moving a piston within the pressure tube with a magnet. A pressure of a gas in a portion of the pressure tube is adjusted in response to moving the piston. A state of the switch is monitored.

The present invention discloses a power assembly and an electronic cigarette having same. The power assembly comprises a main body, a waterproof and breathable membrane and a pneumatic sensor, wherein the main body is provided with an internal cavity in which the pneumatic sensor is mounted and a mounting portion in which an external load is mounted, the mounting portion is provided with an airflow passage, the internal cavity is in communication with external environment through the airflow passage, the waterproof and breathable membrane is mounted on the main body and covers the airflow passage; when the external load is mounted on the mounting portion, the air channel inside the external load is communicated with the airflow passage, and when the pneumatic sensor senses that the airflow movement in the airflow passage reaches a preset threshold, the main body is triggered to control the external load.

A pressure element for monitoring a fluid being applied to the pressure element, wherein the pressure element is configured to close an electrical circuit, as a result of a change in pressure which the fluid exerts on the pressure element, independently of an absolute value of the pressure, where the fluid preferably flows through a pipeline.

A physical quantity measuring device includes: a cylindrical case; a sensor module configured to detect a physical amount; a joint attached with the sensor module; an annular connector connected to the cylindrical case and the joint; a circuit substrate attached with an electronic circuit configured to receive a signal detected by the sensor module; a cover for the cylindrical case; and a holder holding the circuit substrate. The holder can be housed in the cylindrical case either in a first posture where a first end is engaged with the connector and a second end is in contact with the cover, or in a second posture where the first end is engaged with the cover and the second end is in contact with the connector. The holder has an engaging projection engageable with a first engagement groove provided to the connector and a second engagement groove provided to the cover.

An electronic cigarette and a method of controlling the electronic cigarette are disclosed, the electronic cigarette includes a controller; and at least one air pressure sensor coupled with the controller; the at least one air pressure sensor is configured for detecting a first air pressure in an air flow path of the electronic cigarette and a second air pressure of an ambient atmosphere where the electronic cigarette is located, and sending the first air pressure and the second air pressure to the controller; the controller is configured for receiving the second air pressure and the first air pressure and controlling an atomizer to be on or off based on a pressure differential between the first air pressure and the second air pressure.

A single-use adapter for coupling a single-use container to a reusable sensor transducer includes an attachment region. The single-use adapter includes a deflectable diaphragm sealingly coupling to the attachment region and configured to contact a media sample. The single-use adapter also includes a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag coupled to the single-use adapter and configured to store and transmit data.