Example systems and methods of UV disinfection of surfaces and/or air are presented which can utilize multiple peak wavelengths of UV light and utilize feedback control with UV light sensors. Some example systems and methods can facilitate sanitation of spaces which can be occupied by people and/or animals such as an interior room or space of a building or mode of transportation, or even an outdoor gathering space. Additionally, or alternatively, some example systems can include a compartment which is configured to block light exposure to people and/or animals during sanitation and into which objects can be placed for sanitation.

A detecting device for indicating the intensity of a predetermined type of radiation present in electromagnetic radiation incident on the detecting device can include: a filter element for filtering the incident electromagnetic radiation, wherein the filter element is configured to filter off electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of above 590 nm from the incident electromagnetic radiation; a converging element configured to increase the density of photons of the predetermined type of radiation present in the incident electromagnetic radiation; and a sensor element of material arranged to receive the incident electromagnetic radiation that has passed through the filter element and the converging element for indicating the intensity of the predetermined type of radiation present in the incident electromagnetic radiation by change of the color of the sensor element of material, wherein the material is represented by the following formula: (M′)8(M″M′″)6O24(X,S)2:M″″ (formula (I)).

A UV detection device is removably attached to a surface of a structure and includes a photodetector to detect UV light incident on the structure. The UV detection device includes signal processing and a transmitter that wirelessly transmits UV detection data to a remote monitoring station where the detection signals are accumulated and analyzed to determine the total exposure of the structure to UV light.

A retroreflector includes an arrangement of triples, each having three side surfaces, which are disposed in the manner of a cube corner and stand approximately perpendicular on one another. The retroreflector can be produced from a carrier material by injection molding. An optical silicone resin is used as the carrier material. The retroreflector is based on triple mirrors that are both easily unmolded from a die and easily applied to curved surfaces even after unmolding or are usable for reflection of ultraviolet light.

A flame detection system includes: a UV sensor that serves as a flame sensor detecting a UV ray generated by a flame; an application voltage generation unit that applies a driving voltage to the UV sensor; a discharge detection unit that detects a discharge in the UV sensor; a discharge count unit that counts the number of detected discharges; a discharge probability calculation unit that calculates a discharge probability on the basis of the number of discharges counted by the discharge count unit and the number of times the driving voltage is applied; a UV intensity determination unit that determines an intensity of the UV ray on the basis of the discharge probability; and a determination result output unit that outputs the intensity of the UV ray determined by the UV intensity determination unit via display or communication.

A wearable UV sensor includes a UV pass filter; a UV phosphor material; and a visible light sensing device, wherein the UV sensor is configured to receive light including visible light and UV light, wherein the UV pass filter directs the UV light to the UV phosphor material and the UV phosphor material fluoresces visible light in proportion to the UV light from the UV pass filter, and the visible light sensing device measures the visible light fluorescing from the UV phosphor material to determine the amount of the UV light entering the sensor, which correlates to the UV exposure of a subject wearing the UV sensor.

Ultraviolet (UV) light emission devices employing UV light source housing to achieve UV light emission irradiance uniformity, and related methods of use. The UV light emission devices disclosed herein are particularly suited for use in disinfecting surfaces and air. The UV light emission devices disclosed herein can be provided in the form factor of a handheld device that is easily held and manipulated by a human user. The human user can manipulate the handheld UV light emission device to decontaminate surfaces, air, and other areas by orienting the handheld UV light emission device so that the UV light emitted from its light source is directed to the area of interest to be decontaminated.

A UVC disinfection system that may include a UVC radiation illumination unit, a control unit, and a node. The node may include (i) a power supply, (ii) a UVC dose sensing unit that comprises a UVC sensing element, wherein the UVC dose sensing unit is configured to sense that the UVC radiation dose received by the node reached a predefined UVC radiation dose; and (iii) a node transmitter that is configured transmit a node unique signal following a sensing, by the UVC dose sensing unit, that the UVC radiation dose received by the node reached a predefined UVC radiation dose. The control unit is configured to control an emission of UVC radiation from the UVC radiation illumination unit based on a reception or a lack of reception of the node unique signal.

Described herein is a deterrence system for deterring animals from a vicinity of an environment monitoring apparatus, the system includes: a detector system having at least one sensor configured to generate a presence signal indicative of the presence of an object within a predefined vicinity of the environment monitoring apparatus; a deterrence processing system; and a repulsion system, wherein the deterrence processing system is configured to: monitor the presence signal; determine, from the presence signal, the presence of an object within the predefined vicinity of the environment monitoring apparatus; and communicate a command for the repulsion system to perform a sequence of one or more repulsion events actions in response to determining that an object is present, and wherein the repulsion system is configured to: perform one or more repulsion events responsive to receipt of the command from the deterrence processing system.

A radiographing apparatus includes a radiation detector configured to detect an incident radioactive ray and convert the detected radioactive ray into an electrical signal related to a radiation image, and a housing configured to contain the radiation detector, wherein an improvement to the radiographing apparatus is that an ultraviolet light transmitting member having transmittivity for ultraviolet light is provided at least in a part of an outer housing surface of the housing.