A sensor mark including: a substrate having: a deep ultra violet (DUV) radiation absorbing layer including a first material which substantially absorbs DUV radiation; and a protecting layer including a second material, wherein: the DUV radiation absorbing layer has a through hole in it; the protecting layer is positioned, in plan, in the through hole and the protecting layer in the through hole has a patterned region having a plurality of through holes; and the second material is more noble than the first material.

A system for measuring light in a tube is provided. The system includes a tube, a light collecting probe configured to absorb light within the tube, a data acquisition system for determining a level of light associated with light absorbed by the light collecting probe, and a motion system for moving the light collecting probe within the tube.

Methods of accurately estimating erythemaly-weighted UV exposure, such as the UV Index, and sensors adapted for the same.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided an ultraviolet detector, including: an ultraviolet ray transmitting part configured to transmit ultraviolet ray contained in incident light; a wavelength conversion part configured to convert the ultraviolet ray transmitted through the ultraviolet ray transmitting part into visible light; and a visible light receiving part configured to detect the visible light obtained by the wavelength conversion part.

Ultraviolet (UV) light emission devices and related methods of use. The UV light emission devices disclosed herein are particularly suited for use in disinfecting surfaces and air. The UV light emission devices disclosed herein can be provided in the form factor of a handheld device that is easily held and manipulated by a human user. The human user can manipulate the handheld UV light emission device to decontaminate surfaces, air, and other areas by orienting the handheld UV light emission device so that the UV light emitted from its light source is directed to the area of interest to be decontaminated.

An electrostatically controlled sensor includes a GaN/AlGaN heterostructure having a 2DEG channel in the GaN layer. Source and drain contacts are electrically coupled to the 2DEG channel through the AlGaN layer. A gate dielectric is formed over the AlGaN layer, and gate electrodes are formed over the gate dielectric, wherein each gate electrode extends substantially entirely between the source and drain contacts, wherein the gate electrodes are separated by one or more gaps (which also extend substantially entirely between the source and drain contacts). Each of the one or more gaps defines a corresponding sensing area between the gate electrodes for receiving an external influence. A bias voltage is applied to the gate electrodes, such that regions of the 2DEG channel below the gate electrodes are completely depleted, and regions of the 2DEG channel below the one or more gaps in the direction from source to drain are partially depleted.

Methods and systems are disclosed which determine a location context of a mobile device such as a smartphone. The method may include the following steps: collecting sensor specific data from sensors of the mobile device, applying the sensor specific data to a decision function, and determining, as an output of the decision function, a location context of the mobile device. Also disclosed is a non-transitory computer readable medium containing instructions that when executed causes one or more processors of the mobile device to perform the disclosed method.

A device for assessing sunscreen coverage on a person includes a casing a lens assembly extending from about a front facing surface of the casing and allowing transmissivity to light energy in a wavelength range of about 300 to about 400 nm. A filter is in optical communication with the lens assembly and having a high optical density above about 390 nm and a low optical density below about 390 nm. A sensor is in optical communication with the filter, the sensor having a signal/noise ratio that is greater than about 36 db. A controller is configured for receiving input from a user to control the device. A display screen may be in communication with a controller for displaying an image associated with the filtered light.

A monitoring device 100 for agricultural use comprising a housing 12 adapted to accommodate at least a solar radiation sensor positioned in the top portion of the housing 12, the housing 12 comprising an aperture at the top end 18 adapted to allow the solar radiation sensor to be exposed through the aperture. The housing is attached to a hanger 22 located at the same level or below the top end 18 of the housing 12 and adapted to hang the housing 12 on a hanging element such as a cable. The housing 12 may further comprises a leveling component 34 for leveling the solar radiation sensor or the entire monitoring device 100. The monitoring device 100 optionally comprises a shading sleeve 48 compatible with passing the hanging element through the monitoring device 100.

The present invention concerns an apparatus for spectral and intensity profile characterization comprising: a diffractive element; a beam block (3) attached to the diffractive element, the beam block (3) being positioned so as to block the passage of the direct incoming beam (1) which is not incident on the diffractive element; a device for translation of the beam block (3) and the diffractive element; reflective element (4); fixed detector (5) positioned on the axis of the incoming beam (1). The invention also concerns use and a method thereof. Such a compact system provides application in the field of spectrometry and diagnostics of the beam intensity profile, especially in the area of XUV and soft X-rays.