Methods and apparatuses for aligning and diagnosing the laser beam traversing an optical train in a highly space-efficient, lower cost and/or retrofit-friendly manner are disclosed. The optical components of the optical train are mounted such that one or more optical components can direct their exit laser beam to partially or wholly scan across one or more downstream sensors. Correlation data between physical disposition of optical components and the points of impact data and/or beam quality data are employed to, among others, align and/or diagnose the laser beam and/or localize failure sites and/or optimize maintenance schedule.

Composite material can include a matrix material, a fiber dispersed in the matrix material, and an ultraviolet (UV)-light sensitive mechanophore grafted to a surface of the fiber. A method for making a fiber-reinforced polymer composite can include contacting a fiber in a first solution, rinsing and then drying intermediate fiber, contacting dried fiber in a third solution, rinsing, and then drying the rinsed fiber thereby generating functionalized fiber that is sensitive to ultraviolet light. The functionalized fiber can be combined with a polymer matrix material, cured, and irradiated, thereby generating a fiber-reinforced polymer composite.

An arrangement (100), a method and a computer program product for system-integrated calibration of facet mirrors (18, 19) of a microlithographic illumination system (20). Beam paths (103) between a radiation source (101) and a radiation detector (102) are created by the facet mirrors (18, 19), with respectively only one pivotable micromirror (18, 19) of each facet mirror (18, 19) affecting said beam path. By methodically pivoting one of the micromirrors (18, 19) affecting the beam path (10), it is possible, based on the radiation detector (102), to find a specific optimal pivot position, the underlying orientation of the micromirror (18, 19) of which can also be calculated geometrically. By comparing the calculated orientation with the orientation ascertained by a tilt sensor on the micromirror (18, 19), it is possible to calibrate the tilt sensor or micromirror (18, 19) of the facet mirror (18, 19).

Rapid Disinfection System that is able to disinfect the surfaces of a Rescue Ambulance Patient Cabin after all necessary hand disinfection protocols have been completed. As with emergency situations timing is critical. This system can disinfect the patient cabin rapidly within minutes with very little operator effort. This will allow for little to no down time of the rescue ambulance. Larger populated areas may have as much as 50,000 emergency calls in a months' time and may only have 20 to 30 rescue ambulance to handle all of these calls. In these areas there may only be less than 5 minutes surface disinfection times available.

System and methods for accurate measurement and real-time feedback of solar ultraviolet exposure for management of ultraviolet dose. The systems can include a wearable device and a mobile device, the system performing accurate measurement of UV exposure.

In a laser produced plasma (LPP) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) system, a droplet is irradiated by a laser pulse to produce a plasma in a chamber. This generates forces that cause the plasma to destabilize and subsequent droplets to have their flight trajectory and speed altered as they approach the plasma. This destabilization is detectable from oscillations in the amount of EUV energy generated. To reduce the oscillations by stabilizing the plasma and travel of the droplets, a proportional-integral (PI) controller algorithm is used to modify an energy of subsequent laser pulses based on the EUV energy generated in the chamber. By modifying the energy of subsequent laser pulses, the plasma stabilizes, which reduces effects on droplet flight and stabilizes the amount of EUV energy generated, allowing the plasma chamber to operate for longer intervals and to lower the amount of reserve power maintained by a laser source.

There is provided a sterilisation monitoring device for a molecular diagnostics analyser. The device comprises a sensor arranged in use to detect radiation; and an analysis unit connected to the sensor. The analysis unit is arranged in use to issue a signal when the radiation level incident on the sensor is lower than a threshold level.

Multispectral images, including ultraviolet light and its interactions with ultraviolet light-interactive compounds, can be captured, processed, and represented to a user. Ultraviolet-light related information can be conveniently provided to a user to allow the user to have awareness of UV characteristics and the user's risk to UV exposure.

A UV dosimetry system comprises a wearable unit and a mobile computing device. The wearable unit measures the UV irradiance intensity and wirelessly communicates with the mobile computing device. The UV dosimetry system supports multi-user control and can link one mobile computing device with multiple wearable units. The UV dosimetry system processes the measured UV irradiance intensity to calculate the UV index (UVI) and the sensor site specific UV dose. It can also calculate the total absorbed UV dose and vitamin D production by taking into account user specific factors. The UVI data measured by a plurality of UV meters such as the disclosed UV dosimetry system are crowd sourced to a remote server together with the location and time data of the measurement. The remote server excludes invalid UVI measurement and generates UVI maps showing time-varying distribution of UVI data at different locations.

A light intensity adjustable ultraviolet device for curing an optical fiber coating includes a cylindrical mounting base; a UVLED light source module mounted along a peripheral direction and an axial direction in an inner cavity of the cylindrical mounting base; a cylindrical focusing lens configured in front of a light emitting surface of the UVLED light source module, so that ultraviolet light emitted by the UVLED light source module is focused on a curing axis; and an ultraviolet sensor mounted in the inner cavity of the cylindrical mounting base, wherein the ultraviolet sensor is connected to a UVLED power supply control module via an ultraviolet intensity signal processing module; the UVLED power supply control module is connected to the UVLED light source module, so that an optical fiber drawing speed and an ultraviolet intensity form a control closed loop.