The present invention relates to an amplitude goniometer comprises P receiver channels, P being greater than or equal to 2, each receiver channel being identified by an index p, each receiver channel comprising an antenna coupled to a receiver chain followed by at least two digital receiver modules each comprising an analogue-to-digital conversion module associated with a respective sampling frequency, each sampling frequency not complying with the Shannon criterion and not being a multiple of another frequency, N being the number of frequencies, N being greater than or equal to 2, each frequency being referenced by an index n, the amplitude goniometry estimator working from the amplitudes of the signals originating from at least Q adjacent receiver channels of the P receiver channels, Q being at most equal to P, the sampling frequencies being associated with the analogue-to-digital conversion modules of the Q adjacent receiver channels.

In examples, systems and methods for direction finding of electromagnetic signals are described. The device includes a first antenna configured to receive electromagnetic energy. The device also includes a second antenna configured to separately receive the same electromagnetic energy. The device further includes a radome located in a receiving pathway of the first antenna, where the radome is configured to cause a predetermined phase shift that varies based on an angular position of the receiving pathway. The device includes 1 or more radio receivers to receive the signals independently from the antennas. Additionally, the direction finding device includes a processor configured to determine an angle of arrival of the electromagnetic energy based on a comparison of a phase of the electromagnetic energy received by the first antenna to a phase of the electromagnetic energy received by the second antenna.

A direction finding (DF) system and technique using a switched network architecture to couple a first plurality of antenna elements to a second, fewer, plurality of channels of an RF receiver. The RF receiver provides signals to a DF processor which combines data sampled at phase centers of the plurality of array elements. Such combined data samples may be used to estimate a direction of a received signal. The antenna elements may be configured into subarrays and a switch network couples different groups of subarrays to the RF receiver channels during different dwell times. Data collected during each dwell may be used to generate a spatial sample covariance matrix (SCM) and multiple spatial SCMs may be combined to provide aggregate covariance matrix values. A DF processor uses values from the aggregate covariance matrix to provide an output signal indicative of the direction of a received signal.

A direction of arrival estimation apparatus includes at least first and second sub-arrays to receive a reflected wave of a transmission waveform from a target; first and second phasing parts that perform phasing of reception signals at the first and second sub-arrays to generate first and second sub-array beams; an arrival time difference calculation part that calculates first and second correlations of the reception signals of the first and second sub-array beams at first and second time points to find an arrival time difference between times of the reflected wave arriving at the first and second sub-arrays, based on a result of a predetermined operation on the first and second correlations and a time difference between the first time point and the second time point; and a direction of arrival calculation part that finds a direction of arrival of the target based on the arrival time difference.

Multiple radio transmissions are processed to determine, for each of a number of directions of arrival of the radio transmissions, a most direct direction of arrival, for example, to distinguish a direct path from a reflected path from the target. In some examples, the radio transmissions include multiple frequency components, and channel characteristics at different frequencies are compared to determine the direct path.

The subject matter discloses a method to determine a relative direction of a target RF transmitter, performed by a direction finding (DF) system comprising at least a pair of antennas having an electromagnetic-absorbing material between them, comprising conducting wireless communication between the target RF transmitter and each one of the antennas of the DF system, measuring the signal strength of the target RF transmitter received at each antenna, calculating the difference between the signal strength measured at each one of the antennas in the pair, and determining a relative direction of the target RF transmitter to be is the direction of the antenna within the pair of antennas in which the stronger signal was measured.

An electronic device disposed on a door frame includes a back plate attached to the door frame, a housing coupled to the back plate, a first antenna that transmits or receives a signal having a first wavelength with an external electronic device, a second antenna that is disposed closer to the back plate than the first antenna and that transmits or receives a signal having the first wavelength with the external electronic device, an electric-wave blocking member that is disposed between the back plate and the second antenna and that blocks a signal reflected by the door frame, and at least one processor operatively connected with the first antenna and the second antenna. The first antenna and the second antenna are disposed inside the housing, and an antenna pattern of the second antenna is different from an antenna pattern of the first antenna.

A method for direction finding is described wherein incoming signals are scanned and analyzed. The bearing value and its quality of the incoming signals are determined by using a direction finding method. A covariance matrix is generated from the incoming signals by using a multiple-wave detector unit. The dimension of the covariance matrix is reduced in order to obtain a reduced covariance matrix. The eigenvalues of the reduced covariance matrix are determined. Then, it is determined whether more than one signal, a single signal or no signal is detected by using the eigenvalues and the quality determined by using the direction finding method. Further, a direction finder is described.

A feeder terminal comprises backhaul communication circuitry connecting a communications network via a wireless backhaul, and providing an access base station with wireless backhaul access. Backhaul information circuitry determines congestion information relating to the wireless backhaul and communication circuitry enables communication with an access base station and provides the congestion information to the access base station. In response to a demand message from the access base station comprising quality of service requirements, the communication circuitry forwards the demand message to the communications network. Additionally, an access base station comprises communication circuitry enabling communication with a feeder terminal. The communication circuitry provides a quality of service demand message to the feeder terminal based on a quality of service requirement and receives congestion information relating to the wireless backhaul from the feeder terminal. The access control circuitry controls usage of the wireless backhaul by user equipment in dependence on the congestion information.

Systems and methods are provided for a digital beamformed phased array feed. The system may include a radome configured to allow electromagnetic waves to propagate; a multi-band software defined antenna array tile; a power and clock management subsystem configured to manage power and time of operation; a thermal management subsystem configured to dissipate heat generated by the multi-band software defined antenna array tile; and an enclosure assembly. The multi-band software defined antenna array tile may include a plurality of coupled dipole array antenna elements; a plurality of frequency converters; and a plurality of digital beamformers.