A radio frequency identification (RFID) system includes an array of antennas to distinguish line-of-sight (LOS) paths from non-line-of-sight (NLOS) paths. The distance between adjacent antennas in the array of antennas is less than half the wavelength of the radio frequency (RF) signal of the system. Each antenna in the antenna array is also digitally controlled to change relative phase difference among the antennas, thereby allowing digital steering of the array of antennas across angles of arrival (AOAs) between 0 and π. The digital steering generates a plot of signal amplitudes as a function of AOAs. LOS paths are distinguished from NLOS paths based on the shapes (e.g., depth, gradient, etc.) of local extremes (e.g., maxima or minima) in the plot.

A radio frequency identification (RFID) system includes an array of antennas to distinguish line-of-sight (LOS) paths from non-line-of-sight (NLOS) paths. The distance between adjacent antennas in the array of antennas is less than half the wavelength of the radio frequency (RF) signal of the system. Each antenna in the antenna array is also digitally controlled to change relative phase difference among the antennas, thereby allowing digital steering of the array of antennas across angles of arrival (AOAs) between 0 and π. The digital steering generates a plot of signal amplitudes as a function of AOAs. LOS paths are distinguished from NLOS paths based on the shapes (e.g., depth, gradient, etc.) of local extremes (e.g., maxima or minima) in the plot.

Disclosed are examples of systems, apparatus, methods and computer program products for locating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A region of airspace may be scanned with two scanning apparatuses. Each scanning apparatus may include one or more directional Radio Frequency (RF) antennae. The two scanning apparatuses may have different locations. Radio frequency signals emitted by a UAV can be received at each of the two scanning apparatuses. The received radio frequency signals can be processed to determine a first location of the UAV.

Disclosed are examples of systems, apparatus, methods and computer program products for locating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A region of airspace may be scanned with two scanning apparatuses. Each scanning apparatus may include one or more directional Radio Frequency (RF) antennae. The two scanning apparatuses may have different locations. Radio frequency signals emitted by a UAV can be received at each of the two scanning apparatuses. The received radio frequency signals can be processed to determine a first location of the UAV.

A method, device and system are provided for a user equipment positioning. In an embodiment, a central device of a radio access network (RAN) node, which comprises the central device and at least two distributed devices, receives positioning measurement request information from a location management function (LMF) device. The central device separately sends uplink signal configuration information to a first distributed device and a second distributed device of the at least two distributed devices in application protocol signaling The first and two distributed devices measure an uplink signal sent from a user equipment, and the two distributed devices separately sends a uplink signal measurement result in an application protocol signaling to the central device. The central device sends a positioning measurement result comprising the two uplink signal measurement results to the LMF device.

Procedures are disclosed to enable a wireless device to determine its alignment direction toward a base station or another device in 5G or 6G, using a “phased beam-alignment pulse”, which is a transmitted pulse having phase modulation that varies with angle. For example, the pulse may be transmitted spanning 360 degrees of angle, and may be phase modulated varying from 0 to 360 degrees of phase in the same angular range. A user device can receive the phased beam-alignment pulse and immediately determine, from the phase, the alignment angle toward the transmitter. In another embodiment, the transmitter transmits a uniform, non-directional pulse, and the receiver receives it using an antenna configured to impose an angle-dependent phase shift, thereby indicating the alignment direction. With either method, wireless entities can align their beams rapidly and efficiently, using just one or two resource elements, without complex encoding or time-consuming handshaking.

An indoor positioning method detects a moving object defines a possible location area of the moving objects according to errors calculated by received signal strength indication (RSSI) values of the moving object, and calculates RSSI moving vectors between the moving object and wireless devices according to the RSSI values to predict an exact position of the moving object according to the dependency of the RSSI moving vectors and relative angular positions of the moving object. The high relevance feature between the Co-Channel Interference (CCI) of multi-nodes and the Carrier to Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (CINR) is transformed as vectors and the vectors are compared with the RSSI moving vectors to calculate a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value. When the RMSE value is less than a preset threshold value, an exact position of the moving object can be obtained.

An indoor positioning method detects a moving object defines a possible location area of the moving objects according to errors calculated by received signal strength indication (RSSI) values of the moving object, and calculates RSSI moving vectors between the moving object and wireless devices according to the RSSI values to predict an exact position of the moving object according to the dependency of the RSSI moving vectors and relative angular positions of the moving object. The high relevance feature between the Co-Channel Interference (CCI) of multi-nodes and the Carrier to Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (CINR) is transformed as vectors and the vectors are compared with the RSSI moving vectors to calculate a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value. When the RMSE value is less than a preset threshold value, an exact position of the moving object can be obtained.

An apparatus for generating a mosaic for a wireless communication system. The apparatus includes memory and a server. The server is programmed to receive first information from an associated access point that is indicative of a first receiver time stamp and a second receiver time stamp. The server is further programmed to determine a first difference between the first receiver time stamp and the second receiver time stamp to generate a first difference value and to receive second information that is indicative of a third receiver time stamp and a fourth receiver time stamp. The server is further programmed to determine a second difference and to generate a second difference value. The server is further programmed to determine that packets as transmitted by the mobile device are the same based on the first difference value and the second difference value being within a predetermined receiver time error range.

An apparatus for generating a mosaic for a wireless communication system. The apparatus includes memory and a server. The server is programmed to receive first information from an associated access point that is indicative of a first receiver time stamp and a second receiver time stamp. The server is further programmed to determine a first difference between the first receiver time stamp and the second receiver time stamp to generate a first difference value and to receive second information that is indicative of a third receiver time stamp and a fourth receiver time stamp. The server is further programmed to determine a second difference and to generate a second difference value. The server is further programmed to determine that packets as transmitted by the mobile device are the same based on the first difference value and the second difference value being within a predetermined receiver time error range.