A system includes a first computing device having a first non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, first communication circuitry, and at least one first processor in communication with the first non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and the first communication circuitry. The at least one first processor is configured to execute instructions stored in the first non-transitory machine-readable storage medium to cause the first communication circuitry to receive a first signal from a first transmission medium, calculate a first authentication value for an object based on data included in the first signal, and cause the first communication circuitry to transmit a second signal to the first transmission medium. The second signal identifies whether the object is authentic based, at least in part, on the first authentication value.

A system includes a first computing device having a first non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, first communication circuitry, and at least one first processor in communication with the first non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and the first communication circuitry. The at least one first processor is configured to execute instructions stored in the first non-transitory machine-readable storage medium to cause the first communication circuitry to receive a first signal from a first transmission medium, calculate a first authentication value for an object based on data included in the first signal, and cause the first communication circuitry to transmit a second signal to the first transmission medium. The second signal identifies whether the object is authentic based, at least in part, on the first authentication value.

An apparatus for indicating a direction of a radio transmission is described. The apparatus includes at least one vector detection device including two or more antennas and an attenuating material between at least one of the antennas and a source of a radio transmission. The attenuating material is arranged to vary an amount of attenuation with an angle of the source with respect to at least one of the antennas. The apparatus is configured to generate a signal indicating a direction of the radio transmission by comparing received signal strengths from the two or more antennas.

An apparatus for indicating a direction of a radio transmission is described. The apparatus includes at least one vector detection device including two or more antennas and an attenuating material between at least one of the antennas and a source of a radio transmission. The attenuating material is arranged to vary an amount of attenuation with an angle of the source with respect to at least one of the antennas. The apparatus is configured to generate a signal indicating a direction of the radio transmission by comparing received signal strengths from the two or more antennas.

A radio frequency identification (RFID) system includes an array of antennas to distinguish line-of-sight (LOS) paths from non-line-of-sight (NLOS) paths. The distance between adjacent antennas in the array of antennas is less than half the wavelength of the radio frequency (RF) signal of the system. Each antenna in the antenna array is also digitally controlled to change relative phase difference among the antennas, thereby allowing digital steering of the array of antennas across angles of arrival (AOAs) between 0 and π. The digital steering generates a plot of signal amplitudes as a function of AOAs. LOS paths are distinguished from NLOS paths based on the shapes (e.g., depth, gradient, etc.) of local extremes (e.g., maxima or minima) in the plot.

A radio frequency identification (RFID) system includes an array of antennas to distinguish line-of-sight (LOS) paths from non-line-of-sight (NLOS) paths. The distance between adjacent antennas in the array of antennas is less than half the wavelength of the radio frequency (RF) signal of the system. Each antenna in the antenna array is also digitally controlled to change relative phase difference among the antennas, thereby allowing digital steering of the array of antennas across angles of arrival (AOAs) between 0 and π. The digital steering generates a plot of signal amplitudes as a function of AOAs. LOS paths are distinguished from NLOS paths based on the shapes (e.g., depth, gradient, etc.) of local extremes (e.g., maxima or minima) in the plot.

Provided is a technology for increasing accuracy of position estimation by estimating a position of a signal source based on an error due to altitudes of a sensor and a signal source and an error due to a pitch of an aircraft as well as an error due to curvature of the earth. At this time, a position estimation method may include receiving measurement data from a plurality of sensors, estimating first position data of the signal source based on the measurement data, identifying an altitude error of the first position data, and estimating second position data that is data obtained by correcting the first position data based on the altitude error.

A terminal apparatus capable of communicating with a communication apparatus specifies a first distance between the terminal apparatus and a first unit in the communication apparatus and a second distance between the terminal apparatus and a second unit in the communication apparatus, and causes a display unit to display a first screen which relates to the first unit in preference to a second screen which relates to the second unit and display the second screen based on an operation of the first screen displayed in preference to the second screen in a case where the first distance is shorter than the second distance, and display the second screen in preference to the first screen and display the first screen based on an operation of the second screen displayed in preference to the first screen in a case where the second distance is shorter than the first distance.

Inter-alia, a method is disclosed comprising: obtaining, for at least one reference position, an estimate of a representative direction from a node of a communication network to the at least one reference position based on information indicative of at least one directional measurement, the directional measurement being indicative at least of a propagation direction of a signal communicated between the at least one reference position and the node of the communication network; obtaining, for the at least one reference position, a weighted estimate of the representative direction based on at least an angular weighting function for the at least one reference position, the angular weighting function being representative at least of an aperture of at least one antenna of the node of the communication network; and obtaining information indicative at least of an orientation and/or position of the node of the communication network at least based on the weighted estimate of the representative direction obtained for the at least one reference position.

Inter-alia, a method is disclosed comprising: obtaining, for at least one reference position, an estimate of a representative direction from a node of a communication network to the at least one reference position based on information indicative of at least one directional measurement, the directional measurement being indicative at least of a propagation direction of a signal communicated between the at least one reference position and the node of the communication network; obtaining, for the at least one reference position, a weighted estimate of the representative direction based on at least an angular weighting function for the at least one reference position, the angular weighting function being representative at least of an aperture of at least one antenna of the node of the communication network; and obtaining information indicative at least of an orientation and/or position of the node of the communication network at least based on the weighted estimate of the representative direction obtained for the at least one reference position.