A toner includes toner base particles each including a binder resin and a releasing agent, resin particles, and an external additive. Resin particles, from among the resin particles in the toner, and the external additive are deposited on a surface of each of the toner base particles. A standard deviation of a distance between resin particles next to one another on the surface is less than 600 nm, the resin particles next to one another being from among the resin particles deposited on the surface. The external additive includes primary particles each standing alone and non-spherical cohesive particles each including cohered primary particles. A proportion of the primary particles each standing alone per 1,000 particles of the external additive is 30% or less, the particles of the external additive in the per 1,000 particles being the primary particles each standing alone and the cohesive particles.

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising an organic pigment and a binder resin, wherein, in a solid-state NMR measurement at 60° C. using a solid fraction obtained by specific procedure for dissolving the toner in chloroform as a sample, a transverse relaxation time T2 of a peak observed between 1.5 and 2.5 ppm is from 0.08 to 0.13 ms.

Disclosed herein is a toner composition, developer and additive for a toner composition. The toner composition includes toner particles including at least one resin, an optional colorant, an optional wax, and a polymeric toner additive on at least a portion of an external surface of the toner particles. The polymeric toner additive includes a polymeric resin including a fluorinated monomer, wherein the polymeric resin is less than 10% by weight crosslinked, and optionally a charge control agent comprising nitrogen containing group at 0.1 wt % to 1.5 wt % of the polymeric resin.

A toner includes toner particles. Each toner particle includes a binder resin, a release agent, a colorant, and particles. The particles are metal particles, or halogen particles, or both. A metal constituting the metal particles may have a monovalent or higher ionic valence. An abundance X of the particles is within a range represented by 3 μm.sup.2≤X μm.sup.2≤10 μm.sup.2. X μm.sup.2 is the abundance X that is an area of the particles present in a surface portion of each of the toner particles as measured by SEM-EDX with setting acceleration voltage to 1 kV. A declining rate of the particles is 80% to 100%. Y μm.sup.2 is an abundance Y that is an area of the particles present in a surface portion of each of the toner particles as measured by the SEM-EDX with setting acceleration voltage to 3 kV.

A toner includes a release agent. The release agent includes a hydrocarbon compound having 2 or more and 16 or less carbon atoms. A content of the hydrocarbon compound having 2 or more and 16 or less carbon atoms, in the release agent, is 1000 ppm or more in terms of toluene, as determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The hydrocarbon compound having 2 or more and 16 or less carbon atoms includes a hydrocarbon compound having a retention time of 7 minutes or more and less than 8 minutes determined by the gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

A silicone oil-treated silica particle according to the present invention includes a silica particle body and silicone oil. The silica particle body has a BET specific surface area of 70 m.sup.2/g to 120 m.sup.2/g. The silica particle body has been surface-treated with the silicone oil. The amount of free silicone oil liberated from the surface of the silica particle body in the silicone oil accounts for 2.0 mass % to 5.0 mass % with respect to the silica particle body. A surface-treated styrene acrylic resin particle, in which 2 parts by mass of the silicone oil-treated silica particle has been added to 100 parts by mass of a styrene acrylic resin particle having a particle size median of 5 μm to 8 μm, has a degree of agglomeration of 18 % or less.

An image forming apparatus includes a charging unit that includes a conductive member which contacts with a surface of an image holding member, and that applies only a DC voltage to the conductive member to charge the surface of the image holding member; and a cleaning unit that has a blade which contacts with the surface of an image holding member and cleans the surface with the blade after a toner image is transferred onto a recording medium, wherein a developer includes toner particles, silica particles treated with a silicone oil, and a carrier, a volume average particle diameter of the carrier is from 20 μm to 35 μm, and a quantity ratio of an elemental silicon derived from a silicone oil and an elemental silicon derived from silica which are present on the surface of the carrier is from 0.05 to 0.2.

A chemically prepared toner composition made up of a toner particle with a core having a first polymer binder, a monomer free radical polymerization formed core shell styrene acrylic latex having a liquid gel core, a pigment, a wax, and a shell formed around the core including a second polymer binder and method to make the same is disclosed. An optional borax coupling agent can be placed between the outer surface of the core and the shell to assist in the binding of the polymer found in the shell onto the surface of the toner core containing the first polymer.

Provided is a toner including toner particles. Each of the toner particles includes a toner base particle including a binder resin, resin particles covering the toner base particle, and zinc stearate particles serving as an external additive. In each of the toner particles, a coverage rate of the toner base particle with the resin particles is 30% or greater and 70% or less. The zinc stearate particles have a volume average particle diameter of 3 μm or greater and 20 μm or less.

A chemically prepared toner composition made up of a toner particle with a core having a first polymer binder, a monomer free radical polymerization formed core shell styrene acrylic latex having a liquid gel core, a pigment, a wax, and a shell formed around the core including a second polymer binder and method to make the same is disclosed. An optional borax coupling agent can be placed between the outer surface of the core and the shell to assist in the binding of the polymer found in the shell onto the surface of the toner core containing the first polymer.