Techniques for determining the location of a physiological midline and utilizing the physiological midline location to improve a spinal cord stimulation model are disclosed. A first improvement constructs a target stimulation field along a line that is parallel with the determined physiological midline. An allocation of stimulation among the electrodes to mimic the target field is computed. A second improvement models a response of neural elements at evaluation positions that are parallel with the physiological midline based on the electric field that is generated for the computed allocation of stimulation among the electrodes. The stimulation amplitude is adjusted based on the neural element modeling to maintain stimulation intensity, and the stimulation amplitude and allocation of stimulation among the electrodes are compiled into an electrode configuration that is communicated to a neurostimulator.

Adjustable-length surgical access devices are disclosed herein, which can advantageously allow an overall length of the access device to be quickly and easily changed by the user. The access devices herein can reduce or eliminate the need to maintain an inventory of many different length access devices. In some embodiments, the length of the access device can be adjusted while the access device is inserted into the patient. This can reduce or eliminate the need to swap in and out several different access devices before arriving at an optimal length access device. This can also reduce or eliminate the need to change the access device that is inserted into a patient as the depth at which a surgical step is performed changes over the course of a procedure. Rather, the length of the access device can be adjusted in situ and on-the-fly as needed or desired to accommodate different surgical depths.

Disclosed are methods for detecting neuronal oscillation in the spinal cord of a subject. The methods can be utilized to determine that the subject has a disease or disorder of the spinal cord. The methods are useful for treating or reducing the likelihood of pain in a subject by detecting neuronal oscillation in the spinal cord and, e.g., administering a therapeutic agent to the subject. The electrode (LFP) methods disclosed herein may also be utilized to screen for a therapeutic agent that decreases neuronal oscillation in the spinal cord using a non-human animal subject.

The present invention relates to a system and methods generally aimed at surgery. More particularly, the present invention is directed at a system and related methods for performing surgical procedures and assessments involving the use of neurophysiology.

The present invention provides an energy emission device comprising: one or a plurality of energy emitters for emitting at least one type of energy selected from the group consisting of an electromagnetic wave or an electromagnetic stimulation, an elastic wave, an oscillatory wave and heat to at least one position of a subject selected from the group consisting of the brain, the spinal cord, the cerebrospinal fluid or the flow passage thereof and the brain cell interstitial fluid or the flow passage thereof; an energy controller for controlling an amount of energy emitted from the energy emitters; and a sensor for obtaining information relating to wakefulness and/or a sleeping state of the subject, in which the energy controller controls the amount of energy emitted depending on the information relating to the wakefulness and/or the sleeping state.

Described are methods, devices, and systems for a novel, inexpensive, easy to use therapy for a number of disorders. Described are methods and devices to treat disorders that involves no medication. Methods and devices described herein use alternating magnetic fields to gently tune the brain and affect mood, focus, and cognition of subjects.

Techniques for determining the location of a physiological midline are disclosed. A first technique evaluates the response to stimulation of spinal electrodes at peripheral electrodes on different sides of the body. In this technique, a spinal electrode's position relative to a physiological midline is determined based on a relationship between responses to its stimulation observed on different sides of the body. A second technique evaluates the response of spinal electrodes to stimulation of peripheral electrodes on different sides of the body. In this technique, a spinal electrode's position relative to a physiological midline is determined based on the different responses that it observes to stimulation on different sides of the body.

In one aspect, the present disclosure describes a method for detecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow of a subject in which magnetic resonance imaging signals of a selected region of interest of the subject's anatomy are acquired. Preferably, the selected region of interest comprises the cerebro-spinal anatomy. A central location of the selected region of interest of the subject's anatomy is determined and used to determine a mean intensity value associated with image pixels of the central location. The mean intensity value is then used to establish interior and exterior outlines of the the selected region of interest of the subject's anatomy so that the CSF flow within the interior and exterior anatomical outlines may be measured or detected.

Device (1) for electrotherapy and/or electrophysiology comprising at least one lead (2) having an elongated lead body extending along a longitudinal direction (X-X) and comprising a proximal end (3) and a distal end (4); and at least one paddle (5) having a paddle body comprising two opposite major surfaces (6, 7) defining a paddle thickness (33) there between; wherein said paddle (5) comprising at least one paddle electrode (8) having an exposed surface (9) designed to come into electrical contact with a living anatomy (10) inside a patient's body (11); said paddle (5) is suitable to modify the transverse encumber (12) thereof, so that to assume at least one transport configuration and at least one operative configuration, wherein the transverse encumber (12) of the paddle (5) when in said at least one transport configuration is less than the transverse encumber (12) of the same paddle (5) when in said at least one operative configuration; wherein said lead (2) comprising a connection portion (13) near the distal end (4) thereof; said connection portion (13) of the lead (2) comprises at least one arched electrically conductive surface (14); and said paddle (5) comprises at least one counter-connection portion (15) comprising at least one arched electrically conductive counter-surface (16) in direct contact with said at least one conductive surface (14) of the connection portion (13) of the lead (2), so that said at least one counter-connection portion (15) of the paddle (5) has a transversally arched shape defining a first concavity (R1) facing towards said connection portion (13) of the lead (2); said at least one conductive counter-surface (16) of the paddle (5) is in electric communication with said paddle electrode (8) through at least one conductive track (17) extending within the body of paddle (5) in such way that said proximal end (3) of the lead (2) is in electrical communication with said exposed surface (9) of the at least one paddle electrode (8)

Embodiments of the present systems and methods may relate to a non-invasive system with diagnostic and treatment capacities that use a unified code that is intrinsic to physiological brain function. For example, in an embodiment, a computer-implemented method for affecting living neural tissue may comprise receiving at least one signal from at least one read modality, the signal representing release of photons from mitochondria of the living neural tissue, computing at least one signal to effect alterations to the living neural tissue based on the received input signal, the computed signal adapted to cause transmission of photons to the living neural tissue, and delivering the photons to the living neural tissue to effect alterations to the living tissue.