Methods and systems for providing neuromodulation therapy are disclosed. The methods and systems are configured to sense an evoked neural response and use the evoked neural response as feedback for providing neuromodulation therapy. Methods of reducing stimulation artifacts that obscure the sensed evoked neural response are disclosed. The methods of artifact reduction include recording a stimulation artifact in the absence of an evoked neural response, aligning and scaling the stimulation artifact with respect to the obscured signal, and subtracting the aligned and scaled artifact from the obscured signal.

Methods and systems for providing closed loop control of stimulation provided by an implantable stimulator device are disclosed herein. The disclosed methods and systems use a neural feature prediction model to predict a neural feature, which is used as a feedback control variable for adjusting stimulation. The predicted neural feature is determined based on one or more stimulation artifact features. The disclosed methods and systems can be used to provide closed loop feedback in situations, such as sub-perception therapy, when neural features cannot be readily directly measured.

A system and method for modeling patient-specific spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is disclosed. The system and method acquire impedance and evoked compound action potential (ECAP) signals from a lead positioned proximate to a spinal cord (SC). The lead includes at least one electrode. The system and method determine a patient-specific anatomical model based on the impedance and ECAP signals, and transform a dorsal column (DC) map template based on a DC boundary of the patient-specific anatomical model. Further, the system and method map the transformed DC map template to the patient-specific anatomical model. The system and method may also include the algorithms to solve extracellular and intracellular domain electrical fields and propagation along neurons. The system and method may also include the user interfaces to collect patient responses and compare with the patient-specific anatomical model as well as using the patient-specific anatomical model for guiding SCS programming.

Techniques for determining the location of a physiological midline and utilizing the physiological midline location to improve a spinal cord stimulation model are disclosed. A first improvement constructs a target stimulation field along a line that is parallel with the determined physiological midline. An allocation of stimulation among the electrodes to mimic the target field is computed. A second improvement models a response of neural elements at evaluation positions that are parallel with the physiological midline based on the electric field that is generated for the computed allocation of stimulation among the electrodes. The stimulation amplitude is adjusted based on the neural element modeling to maintain stimulation intensity, and the stimulation amplitude and allocation of stimulation among the electrodes are compiled into an electrode configuration that is communicated to a neurostimulator.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to methods of conducting an intraoperative procedure including providing an electrode assembly having a pledget substrate having a surface that is hydrophilic, at least one electrode supported by and positioned within the pledget substrate, and a lead wire assembly interconnected to the at least one electrode. Methods can further include creating an incision to access bioelectric tissue of a patient and applying the pledget substrate to the tissue, such as a nerve, for example. The pledget substrate conforms and fixates to the tissue to secure the electrode assembly in position. The electrode is then activated to record bioelectric responses of or stimulate the tissue. In some embodiments, the pledget substrate includes two bodies, each including at least one electrode, the two bodies being selectively separable so that the bodies can be repositioned with respect to one another.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to pledget stimulation/recording electrode assemblies that are particularly useful for automatic periodic stimulation. Embodiments are compatible with nerve monitoring systems to provide continuous stimulation of a nerve during surgery. Disclosed embodiments include an electrode assembly having one or more electrodes rotatably supported by and positioned within a pledget substrate. The flexible pledget substrate conforms and fixates to bioelectric tissue to secure the electrode assembly in position, wrapped around the target tissue. In some embodiments, the pledget substrate includes two bodies, each including at least one electrode, the two bodies being selectively separable so that the bodies can be repositioned with respect to one another. The electrode assembly further includes a lead wire assembly including at least one insulating jacket positioned around a wire core. Optionally, the electrode assembly includes an insulating cup interconnecting the electrode and the insulating jacket.

An image display control apparatus includes: an image obtaining unit that obtains an image of a backbone region that includes at least a portion of the backbone of a subject; an emphasized display target region specifying unit that specifies an emphasized display target region within the backbone region based on the image; a bone metastasis region specifying unit that specifies an osteolytic metastasis region included in the backbone region; and a display control unit that causes images to be displayed by a display unit. The display control unit displays an osteolytic metastasis region that belongs within the emphasized display target region with a greater degree of emphasis than an osteolytic metastasis region outside the emphasized display target region.

A magnetic resonance imaging system can include a basic field magnetic arrangement for generating a main magnetic field and a number of spatially separated imaging regions, the basic field magnetic arrangement including several spatially separated magnet segments, in order to generate segment magnetic fields with a defined segment field direction, at least two of the spatially separated magnet segments being configured in a way that their defined segment field directions are running in an angular fashion to each other so that the segment magnetic fields result in a main magnetic field which has the form of toroid, where the magnetic resonance imaging system is designed to be adapted to MR imaging of dedicated body or organ parts of a patient.

A method of providing a channel in nervous tissue filled with an aqueous gel for implantation of a microelectrode or other medical device lacking sufficient physical stability for direct implantation by insertion, comprises providing an apparatus comprising an oblong rigid pin covered by a dry gel forming agent; locating a target in the tissue; defining a straight insertion path a desired tissue insertion point and the target; aligning the pin with its end foremost with the insertion path; inserting the pin into the tissue to a position near or at the target; allowing sufficient time to pass for a gel to be formed around the pin, withdrawing the pin. Also disclosed is a corresponding channel; a method of implantation of a microelectrode or microprobe into nervous tissue via the channel; a corresponding method of implantation of living cells; a corresponding apparatus for forming the channel.

Embodiments of the present systems and methods may relate to a non-invasive system with diagnostic and treatment capacities that use a unified code that is intrinsic to physiological brain function. For example, in an embodiment, a computer-implemented method for affecting living neural tissue may comprise receiving at least one signal from at least one read modality, the signal representing release of photons from mitochondria of the living neural tissue, computing at least one signal to effect alterations to the living neural tissue based on the received input signal, the computed signal adapted to cause transmission of photons to the living neural tissue, and delivering the photons to the living neural tissue to effect alterations to the living tissue.