Machine learning techniques are disclosed for making of spinal fixation rods and other custom orthopedic implants with preferred, long-term surgical outcomes, each implant with a shape predicted by multiple layers of trained convoluted neural networks, mainly for use in a spinal surgery on a subject's spine. The rods provide predictable long-term outcomes for the patients. The rods include a curvature that is matched to the features of matching a unique curvature of the subject's spine; matching a preferred outcome from a large data set of improved patients; and matching a machine learning algorithm for two or more tulip head screw position markings on the rod operative to ensure an execution of a surgical plan following the rod's established contour. The implants can be configured in a kit ready for use by a surgeon in a surgical procedure.

A method is provided for processing a neural measurement obtained in the presence of noise, in order to detect whether a locally evoked neural response is present in the neural measurement. A first neural measurement is obtained from a first sense electrode. A second neural measurement is contemporaneously obtained from a second sense electrode spaced apart from the first electrode along a neural pathway of the neural response. A neural response decay is determined, being a measure of the decay in the neural response from the first sense electrode to the second sense electrode. A ratio of the neural response decay to an amplitude normalising term is calculated. From the ratio it is determined whether a locally evoked neural response is present in the neural measurement.

An access device for accessing an intervertebral disc having an outer shield comprising an access shield with a larger diameter (16-30 mm) that reaches from the skin down to the facet line, with an inner shield having a second smaller diameter (5-12 mm) extending past the access shield and reaches down to the disc level. This combines the benefits of the direct visual microsurgical/mini open approaches and the percutaneous, ultra-MIS techniques.

A physical therapy or palpation evaluation or diagnosis device, system, and method for evaluating the condition of a patient's body, for example, the spine and/or soft tissue. The physical therapist currently uses palpation to subjectively evaluate the condition of the spine, soft tissue and/or muscle of the patient. The physical therapist assigns a subjective score (from 0-10) based on the stiffness and/or mobility of the vertebrae. If a different physical therapist examines the same patient later in the treatment process, the subjective evaluation from the prior therapist would be difficult to interpret.

An implantable medical device (IMD) includes multiple stimulation engines (SEs) for independently stimulating respective electrode sets of a lead system. A voltage multiplier (VM) is configured to generate an adjustable target voltage at an output node. Each stimulation engine includes first switching circuitry to switchably connect an anodic node of the SE to the VM output node and second switching circuitry to switchably connect a cathodic node of the SE to a current sink circuit. Discharge switching circuitry may be disposed between the anodic and cathodic nodes of each SE. A selector and associated digital control logic block are operative to generate control signals for independently controlling respective SEs such that each SE may be activated to stimulate or discharge a corresponding select set of electrodes independently from or in concert with remaining SEs.

The present invention relates to systems and methods for planning and/or providing neuromodulation One example system includes a stimulation related basic data storage module for storing stimulation related basic data, a stimulation related response data storage module for storing the stimulation related response data, a transfer module configured such that the stimulation related basic data are linked with and/or translated into the response data and/or artificial response data created by the transfer module, wherein the data generated by the transfer module are transfer data, the transfer data comprising link data and/or translation data and/or artificial response data, mapping module configured and arranged such that based on the stimulation related basic data and stimulation related response data and the transfer data a digital characteristic map is generated, and an analysis module configured and arranged such that the digital characteristic map is analyzed automatically.

A system is provided for connecting a surgically implantable neurostimulation device to an neurophysiological monitoring device. The system includes an apparatus connecting the neurophysiological monitoring device to the implanted neurostimulation device. The connecting apparatus includes a port couplable to the neurostimulation device and a plurality of electrode pin connectors extending from the port that are connectable to the neurophysiologic monitoring device. Using the connecting apparatus, signals from the neurophysiologic monitoring device can be transmitted for stimulation and responses can be transmitted to the neurophysiologic monitoring device to enable accurate positioning of electrodes of the neurostimulation device.

An apparatus for spinal segmentation of a user's spine, the apparatus including: a board assembly having a length extending between two ends and comprising a plurality of independently movable back supporting members arranged transversely across the length, each back supporting member being positioned for receiving separate regions of the user's lumbar region during use; each back supporting member being operatively linked with a corresponding underlying tactile member located along an underside portion of the back supporting member such that a pushing force applied by the user's lumbar region on one or more of the back supporting members results in movement of the supporting member from an initial raised configuration to a lowered configuration wherein the movement results in a first clicking sound emitted by the underlying tactile member.

Surgical visualization systems and related methods are disclosed herein, e.g., for providing visualization during surgical procedures. Systems and methods herein can be used in a wide range of surgical procedures, including spinal surgeries such as minimally-invasive fusion or discectomy procedures. Systems and methods herein can include various features for enhancing end user experience, improving clinical outcomes, or reducing the invasiveness of a surgery. Exemplary features can include access port integration, hands-free operation, active and/or passive lens cleaning, adjustable camera depth, and many others.

Systems, catheters, and methods for accessing and treating along the central nervous system are disclosed. An example method may manage inflammation of the patient to treat a condition of the patient by processing values related to one or more physiological parameters of a patent, identifying when an inflammation condition of the patient has reached a treatment condition based on the processed values, and automatically providing an indication that the inflammation condition has reached the treatment condition. An example indication may include actuation of a treatment protocol. The example method may be performed with an inflammation management system.