Embodiments of the disclosure provide an optical antenna for a photonic integrated circuit (PIC). The optical antenna includes a vertically oriented semiconductor waveguide with a first end on a semiconductor layer. The vertically oriented semiconductor waveguide includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall opposite the first sidewall. A reflective material is along the second sidewall of the vertically oriented semiconductor waveguide. A first plurality of grating protrusions extends from the first sidewall of the vertically oriented semiconductor waveguide.

A device includes a dielectric layer, a plurality of grating structures, and a dielectric material between the plurality of grating structures and on top of the plurality of grating structures. The grating structures are arranged on the dielectric layer and separated from each other, the plurality of grating structures each having a bottom portion and top portion, the top portion having a first width and the bottom portion having a second width, the second width being larger than the first width.

A device includes a dielectric layer, a plurality of grating structures, and a dielectric material between the plurality of grating structures and on top of the plurality of grating structures. The grating structures are arranged on the dielectric layer and separated from each other, the plurality of grating structures each having a bottom portion and top portion, the top portion having a first width and the bottom portion having a second width, the second width being larger than the first width.

An integrated optical component, including a transparent pad arranged on the upper face of the basic optical component, the transparent pad including a plane mirror at its upper face, and the basic optical component including a convergent mirror at its upper face, the plane and convergent mirrors being arranged such that the light beam is propagated between the internal light gate and the external light gate by passing through the transparent pad by reflection on the plane mirror and by reflection on the convergent mirror.

Methods of fabricating optical devices with high refractive index materials are disclosed. The method includes forming a first oxide layer on a substrate and forming a patterned template layer with first and second trenches on the first oxide layer. A material of the patterned template layer has a first refractive index. The method further includes forming a first portion of a waveguide and a first portion of an optical coupler within the first and second trenches, respectively, forming a second portion of the waveguide and a second portion of the optical coupler on a top surface of the patterned template layer, and depositing a cladding layer on the second portions of the waveguide and optical coupler. The waveguide and the optical coupler include materials with a second refractive index that is greater than the first refractive index.

Methods of fabricating optical devices with high refractive index materials are disclosed. The method includes forming a first oxide layer on a substrate and forming a patterned template layer with first and second trenches on the first oxide layer. A material of the patterned template layer has a first refractive index. The method further includes forming a first portion of a waveguide and a first portion of an optical coupler within the first and second trenches, respectively, forming a second portion of the waveguide and a second portion of the optical coupler on a top surface of the patterned template layer, and depositing a cladding layer on the second portions of the waveguide and optical coupler. The waveguide and the optical coupler include materials with a second refractive index that is greater than the first refractive index.

An optical device includes a concave-convex structure layer having a concavo-convex structure on a surface thereof, the concavo-convex structure formed of a plurality of convexities or a plurality of concavities which are arranged with a sub-wavelength period, a high refractive index layer made of a material having a refractive index higher than that of the concavo-convex structure layer and located on the concavo-convex structure while having a surface conforming to the concavo-convex structure, and a low refractive index layer made of a material having a refractive index lower than that of the high refractive index layer and located on the high refractive index layer. The high refractive layer includes first grating high refractive index portions located at a bottom of the concavo-convex structure to form a first sub-wavelength grating, and second grating high refractive index portions located at a top of the concavo-convex structure to form a second sub-wavelength grating.

An optical device includes a concave-convex structure layer having a concavo-convex structure on a surface thereof, the concavo-convex structure formed of a plurality of convexities or a plurality of concavities which are arranged with a sub-wavelength period, a high refractive index layer made of a material having a refractive index higher than that of the concavo-convex structure layer and located on the concavo-convex structure while having a surface conforming to the concavo-convex structure, and a low refractive index layer made of a material having a refractive index lower than that of the high refractive index layer and located on the high refractive index layer. The high refractive layer includes first grating high refractive index portions located at a bottom of the concavo-convex structure to form a first sub-wavelength grating, and second grating high refractive index portions located at a top of the concavo-convex structure to form a second sub-wavelength grating.

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) includes one or more couplers to interface a light source with the PIC, a splitter directly coupled to the one or more couplers at a coupling point of the PIC, a modulator to receive light from the couplers, and a connecting waveguide to connect the splitter to the modulator. The waveguide may be a rib waveguide. The PIC may be integrated with devices such as a CWDM or a PSM device, and may provide improved performance and lower attention for high optical power applications.

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) includes one or more couplers to interface a light source with the PIC, a splitter directly coupled to the one or more couplers at a coupling point of the PIC, a modulator to receive light from the couplers, and a connecting waveguide to connect the splitter to the modulator. The waveguide may be a rib waveguide. The PIC may be integrated with devices such as a CWDM or a PSM device, and may provide improved performance and lower attention for high optical power applications.