By using a display 11 having a number of light-emitting blocks 29 in each of which one of light sensors 34 are incorporated and an optical image formation means 13 having first minute reflective surfaces 20 and second minute reflective surfaces 21 crossed in planar view, the first minute reflective surfaces 20 arranged standing on a same plane, the second minute reflective surfaces 21 arranged standing on a same plane, a first real image 12 is formed on the other side of the optical image formation means 13 from an image 11a on the display 11, a second real image 45a is formed on one side of the optical imaging means 13 from an image of an indicating means 45 having come into contact with the first real image 12, and a position of the second real image 45a is detected by the light sensors 34 of the display 11.

By using a display 11 having a number of light-emitting blocks 29 in each of which one of light sensors 34 are incorporated and an optical image formation means 13 having first minute reflective surfaces 20 and second minute reflective surfaces 21 crossed in planar view, the first minute reflective surfaces 20 arranged standing on a same plane, the second minute reflective surfaces 21 arranged standing on a same plane, a first real image 12 is formed on the other side of the optical image formation means 13 from an image 11a on the display 11, a second real image 45a is formed on one side of the optical imaging means 13 from an image of an indicating means 45 having come into contact with the first real image 12, and a position of the second real image 45a is detected by the light sensors 34 of the display 11.

An irradiation optical system includes a uniformizing section and an irradiation lens section. The uniformizing section brings in-plane distribution of light emitted from a light source, close to uniform in-plane distribution. The irradiation lens section diffuses the light in a predetermined direction. The in-plane distribution of the light is brought close to the uniform in-plane distribution by the uniformizing section. The irradiation lens section includes, in order from the light source, a first cylindrical lens and a second cylindrical lens each having negative refractive power in the predetermined direction.

In particular embodiments, the touch-sensing apparatus comprises: (1) a display panel; (2) a glass plate; and (3) a frame assembly. In various embodiments, the frame assembly is configured to support the display panel and the plate. The frame assembly may include any suitable bracket or combination of brackets (e.g., or other suitable assembly mechanism) configured to maintain and mount each of the plate and display panel in a suitable position. In particular embodiments, the frame assembly is configured to support the plate adjacent the display panel such that the plate is positioned in front of the display panel. In particular embodiments, the glass plate is convex such that the plate curves at least partially outwardly from the frame assembly. The apparatus may further comprise a plurality of infrared sensors and emitters disposed in a bezel of the frame assembly and configured to detect touch inputs at the convex plate.

In particular embodiments, the touch-sensing apparatus comprises: (1) a display panel; (2) a glass plate; and (3) a frame assembly. In various embodiments, the frame assembly is configured to support the display panel and the plate. The frame assembly may include any suitable bracket or combination of brackets (e.g., or other suitable assembly mechanism) configured to maintain and mount each of the plate and display panel in a suitable position. In particular embodiments, the frame assembly is configured to support the plate adjacent the display panel such that the plate is positioned in front of the display panel. In particular embodiments, the glass plate is convex such that the plate curves at least partially outwardly from the frame assembly. The apparatus may further comprise a plurality of infrared sensors and emitters disposed in a bezel of the frame assembly and configured to detect touch inputs at the convex plate.

A tactile sense presentation device includes a panel that includes a support substrate, a plurality of electrodes, which are formed on the support substrate, extending in a predetermined direction, and an insulating layer covering the plurality of electrodes; and a drive unit that drives the panel, wherein a tactile sense is presented to an operator based on an electrostatic force generated between the electrodes and the operator by the drive unit applying a signal of a voltage to the electrode, a contact face of the insulating layer that is in contact with the operator has a surface roughness Ra of a predetermined range, and the voltage applied to the electrodes corresponding to an area in which the tactile sense is presented to the operator is a voltage corresponding to the surface roughness Ra of the contact face.

A tactile sense presentation device includes a panel that includes a support substrate, a plurality of electrodes, which are formed on the support substrate, extending in a predetermined direction, and an insulating layer covering the plurality of electrodes; and a drive unit that drives the panel, wherein a tactile sense is presented to an operator based on an electrostatic force generated between the electrodes and the operator by the drive unit applying a signal of a voltage to the electrode, a contact face of the insulating layer that is in contact with the operator has a surface roughness Ra of a predetermined range, and the voltage applied to the electrodes corresponding to an area in which the tactile sense is presented to the operator is a voltage corresponding to the surface roughness Ra of the contact face.

A surface structure for a touch panel display includes a glass layer having a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is on an interior side of the glass layer and the second surface is on an exterior side of the glass layer. The surface structure further includes a first protective layer formed to the first surface, and a second protective layer formed to the second surface. The second protective layer includes an array of bumps on an exterior side of the glass layer. The array of bumps provides a gradation of a refractive index of a material of the second protective layer.

A method is provided for navigating in a display screen by way of a control surface including a step of measuring: —a data item, termed position, relating to a position targeted, on the control surface, by a remote control object positioned opposite the control surface, and —a data item, termed vertical distance, relating to the distance between the at least one remote control object and the control surface; and a drive step, carrying out, as a function of the vertical distance measured: —a displacement, and/or —an adjustment of a parameter relating to a displacement; of at least one part of a zone and/or of a symbol displayed on the display screen and chosen as a function of the target position.

A method is provided for navigating in a display screen by way of a control surface including a step of measuring: —a data item, termed position, relating to a position targeted, on the control surface, by a remote control object positioned opposite the control surface, and —a data item, termed vertical distance, relating to the distance between the at least one remote control object and the control surface; and a drive step, carrying out, as a function of the vertical distance measured: —a displacement, and/or —an adjustment of a parameter relating to a displacement; of at least one part of a zone and/or of a symbol displayed on the display screen and chosen as a function of the target position.