A method (1200) by a network node (160, 160c) includes determining (1202) a plurality of Time Sensitive Communication, TSC, or Time Sensitive Networking, TSN, domains (12) that exist in a network. The network node instantiates (1204) at least one virtual bridge (14), wherein each virtual bridge serves at least one TSC and/or TSN domain.

A method and apparatus for managing requests in a computer network. A request for a resource from a first node is received by a second node. The request for a resource comprises a header with a timeout indication corresponding to an amount of time the first node will wait for a response to its request for the resource. The second node sends to the first node a response to the request for the resource prior to the end of the amount of time indicated in the timeout indication. The response to the request comprises either the resource or an error message.

A method and apparatus for managing requests in a computer network. A request for a resource from a first node is received by a second node. The request for a resource comprises a header with a timeout indication corresponding to an amount of time the first node will wait for a response to its request for the resource. The second node sends to the first node a response to the request for the resource prior to the end of the amount of time indicated in the timeout indication. The response to the request comprises either the resource or an error message.

A device and a method for controlling an update of a vehicle are configured to control an over-the-air (OTA) update of the vehicle. The device is disposed in the vehicle performing the OTA update to obtain information on a state of charge of a battery of the vehicle, transmit information on the OTA update to an update target device, and adjust a transmission time interval between data of the information on the OTA update transmitted to the update target device. The present disclosure can prevent a situation in which starting of the vehicle is impossible because of a lack of a capacity of the battery after performing the OTA update.

A system and a method for industrial communication, employing an adaptive repeater supporting communication between at least two communicating devices using one of two or more predetermined communication protocols at a time instant, are provided. The adaptive repeater includes a communication direction module and a protocol adapter module operably coupled to one another. The communication direction module detects a direction of communication between the communicating devices using physical layer parameters of the communication protocols, and establishes communication there-between, using a sampling clock. The protocol adapter module adapts the communication direction module to the communication protocol in use, by generating the sampling clock.

A system and a method for industrial communication, employing an adaptive repeater supporting communication between at least two communicating devices using one of two or more predetermined communication protocols at a time instant, are provided. The adaptive repeater includes a communication direction module and a protocol adapter module operably coupled to one another. The communication direction module detects a direction of communication between the communicating devices using physical layer parameters of the communication protocols, and establishes communication there-between, using a sampling clock. The protocol adapter module adapts the communication direction module to the communication protocol in use, by generating the sampling clock.

A system including a lighting controller and a radio adapter. The lighting controller includes a smart port and is configured to control at least one lighting fixture. The radio adapter is communicatively coupled to the lighting controller via the smart port. The radio adapter is configured to establish a wireless communication link between the lighting controller and an external device, communicatively couple the external device to the lighting controller via the smart port, and provide a master clock timing signal to the lighting controller via the smart port.

An apparatus comprises a transmitter for transmitting a first message to a communication device, where the first message is a message within a random access procedure; a receiver for receiving a second message from the communication device in response to the first message; and a processor that increases a contention window value if the second message is not received in a time duration after the first message is transmitted; and that sets the contention window value to an initial value if the second message is received in the time duration after the first message is transmitted.

An apparatus comprises a transmitter for transmitting a first message to a communication device, where the first message is a message within a random access procedure; a receiver for receiving a second message from the communication device in response to the first message; and a processor that increases a contention window value if the second message is not received in a time duration after the first message is transmitted; and that sets the contention window value to an initial value if the second message is received in the time duration after the first message is transmitted.

A method for providing timing security in a time sensitive network (TSN), includes monitoring TSN times in timing synchronization packets exchanged between TSN network nodes. The method further includes monitoring TSN timing values calculated by TSN network nodes. The method further includes determining, using TSN times and TSN timing values, whether a timing attack is indicated. The method further includes, in response to determining that a timing attack is indicated, performing a timing attack effects mitigation action.