A transmission system includes a calculation unit that calculates a jitter pattern sequence of a plurality of packets transmitted by a transmission device via a network using a transmission interval of the plurality of packets and a difference between arrival times at which the packets arrive at a reception device, a generation unit that inputs the jitter pattern sequence to a first learning model to generate a state index indicating a state of the network, and a buffer estimation unit that determines a buffer size of a reception buffer of the reception device based on the state index.

A transmission system includes a calculation unit that calculates a jitter pattern sequence of a plurality of packets transmitted by a transmission device via a network using a transmission interval of the plurality of packets and a difference between arrival times at which the packets arrive at a reception device, a generation unit that inputs the jitter pattern sequence to a first learning model to generate a state index indicating a state of the network, and a buffer estimation unit that determines a buffer size of a reception buffer of the reception device based on the state index.

In a communication apparatus, a buffer offset calculator calculates a buffer offset for a transmission-ready state k-th communication unit in accordance with a total number of at least one of data packets that is (i) transmittable by at least one m-th communication unit in the N communication units except for the k-th communication unit and (ii) completely received by the recipient device within a data transmission period of the communication network corresponding to the k-th communication unit (m is each of variables 1 to N except for k). A data packet allocator selects, in a queue of the data packets stored in the transmission buffer, one of the data packets, a beginning of the selected data packet being located offset by the buffer offset relative to a beginning of the queue of the data packets. The data packet allocator allocates the selected data packet to the k-th communication unit.

In a communication apparatus, a buffer offset calculator calculates a buffer offset for a transmission-ready state k-th communication unit in accordance with a total number of at least one of data packets that is (i) transmittable by at least one m-th communication unit in the N communication units except for the k-th communication unit and (ii) completely received by the recipient device within a data transmission period of the communication network corresponding to the k-th communication unit (m is each of variables 1 to N except for k). A data packet allocator selects, in a queue of the data packets stored in the transmission buffer, one of the data packets, a beginning of the selected data packet being located offset by the buffer offset relative to a beginning of the queue of the data packets. The data packet allocator allocates the selected data packet to the k-th communication unit.

Devices, systems and methods for determining the amount of latency between a video core and a remote device by inserting null packets in a data stream between the video core and the remote device, the null packets including respective time stamps demarking respective times of departure from the video core.

Devices, systems and methods for determining the amount of latency between a video core and a remote device by inserting null packets in a data stream between the video core and the remote device, the null packets including respective time stamps demarking respective times of departure from the video core.