Embodiments of the present invention disclose a network optimization method and apparatus, and a base station. The method includes: collecting statistics on a load index of a cell within a coverage area; determining a load level of the cell according to the load index of the cell; obtaining a network key performance indicator of the cell; determining a performance status of the cell according to the load index and the network key performance indicator of the cell; determining a cause for overload of the cell according to the performance status of the cell when the load level of the cell is overload; and sending a message to a self-organized network SON entity, where the message carries an identifier that is used to indicate the cause for overload of the cell.

A user apparatus in a mobile communication system including a first base station and a second base station which perform communications with the user apparatus by inter-base-station carrier aggregation, includes a radio-quality obtaining unit for obtaining first radio-quality between the user apparatus and the first base station, second radio-quality between the user apparatus and the second base station; a load-information obtaining unit for obtaining first load-information in the first base station and second load-information in the second base station; and a ratio calculation unit for calculating a dividing ratio used by the user apparatus for dividing uplink data and transmitting the divided data to the first base station and the second base station by using the first radio-quality and the second radio-quality obtained by the radio quality obtaining unit and the first load-information and the second load-information obtained by the load-information obtaining unit.

Systems and methods provide cross-layer bearer splitting and cross-RAT retransmission in a RAN-based WLAN/WWAN integrated network. A link aggregation transmitter is configured to receive, from a WLAN stack lower layer protocol, a WLAN transmission confirmation signal and a WLAN congestion status, and to receive, from a WWAN stack lower layer protocol, a WWAN transmission confirmation signal and a WWAN congestion status. The link aggregation transmitter dynamically splits the bearer traffic across the WWAN link and the WLAN link based at least in part on the WLAN transmission confirmation signal, the WLAN congestion status, and the WWAN congestion status.

Apparatuses, systems, and methods for split-bearer enhancements during dual-connectivity operation, e.g., in 5G NR systems and beyond (e.g., NextG, 6G, and so forth). A base station may set up a split-bearer for a UE operating in dual-connectivity and connected to the base station and one or more corresponding base stations, including setting up a ratio of a split of data to be delivered to the UE via the base station and the one or more corresponding base stations. The base station may transmit, based on the ratio of the split, a first portion of the data destined for the UE to the UE and a second portion of the data destined for the UE to the one or more corresponding base stations. The base station may adjust, based on one or more split-bearer quality reports received from the UE, the ratio of the split.

This application provides a multi-path data flow steering method and an apparatus, and relates to the field of communication technologies. The method includes: a communication device obtains a data flow, where the data flow includes a first group of protocol data unit sets and a second group of protocol data unit sets. The communication device determines a steering mode that is based on each group of protocol data unit sets, and sends the first group of protocol data unit sets on a first path. The communication device sends the second group of protocol data unit sets on a second path.

A WTRU may receive configuration information associated with uplink transmissions over a split bearer. The split bearer may be associated with a first path and a second path. The configuration information may include radio quality thresholds associated with channel conditions over the first path and/or the second path. The WTRU may determine a (e.g., dynamic) transmission distribution percentage associated with UL transmissions over the first path and/or the second path based on at least the configuration information, channel conditions associated with the first path, and/or channel conditions associated with the second path. The WTRU may send uplink data associated with the split bearer based on the determined transmission distribution percentage. The WTRU may send an indication to the network associated with the split bearer. The WTRU may update the split buffer threshold based on channel conditions (e.g., CBR, RSRP, etc.) of the first path and/or the second path.

Methods are provided for determining that a traffic condition at a Primary Cell (PCell) used in New Radio Carrier Aggregation (NR CA) exceeds a congestion threshold. The method further includes determining that a user equipment (UE) attached to the PCell is disposed in a downlink coverage area of at least one Secondary Cell (SCell) used in the NR CA and based on the traffic condition at the PCell exceeding the congestion threshold and the UE being disposed in the downlink coverage area of the at least one SCell, reassigning at least a portion of downlink traffic between the PCell and the UE to a first SCell of the at least one SCell.