A fluid conduit includes a first portion having a first porosity, a second portion disposed immediately adjacent to the first portion, the second portion having a second porosity that is greater than the first porosity, and a third portion of the fluid conduit disposed immediately adjacent to the second portion, the third portion having a third porosity that is less than the second porosity. Each of the first portion, the second portion, and the third portion may be integrally formed as a single, continuous piece defining the fluid conduit.

A method for controlling fiber cross-alignment in a nanofiber membrane, comprising: providing a multiple segment collector in an electrospinning device including a first and second segment electrically isolated from an intermediate segment positioned between the first and second segment, collectively presenting a cylindrical structure, rotating the cylindrical structure around a longitudinal axis proximate to an electrically charged fiber emitter; electrically grounding or charging edge conductors circumferentially resident on the first and second segment, maintaining intermediate collector electrically neutral; dispensing electrospun fiber toward the collector, the fiber attaching to edge conductors and spanning the separation space between edge conductors; attracting electrospun fiber attached to the edge conductors to the surface of the cylindrical structure, forming a first fiber layer; increasing or decreasing rotation speed of the cylindrical structure to alter the angular cross-alignment relationship between aligned nanofibers in adjacent layers, the rotation speed being altered to achieve a target relational angle.

A filter medium is provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the filter medium is implemented by including: a porous second support and a nanofiber web which are sequentially stacked on each of an upper portion and a lower portion of a first support; and a channel through which a filtrate filtered in the nanofiber web flows in a direction of the first support, wherein the first support, the second support, and the nanofiber web satisfy predetermined conditions on a basis weight and a thickness of each layer. In a water treatment operation of the filter medium, the shape, structural deformation, and damage of the filter medium can be minimized, excellent filtration efficiency can be implemented, and a channel can be smoothly secured, thereby securing high flux. In addition, even at high pressure applied during backwashing, the filter medium has an extended use period due to excellent durability of the filter medium. Accordingly, the filter medium can be variously applied in various water treatment fields.

Fluorinated polyazoles, porous membranes made therefrom, methods of making the porous membrane, and methods of using the porous membrane for purifying water, are described. For example, the present disclosure describes fluorinated polyoxadiazoles and polytriazoles that are capable of fabricating flat sheet, hollow fiber, and electrospun porous membranes are described.

The present invention relates to an ultrathin-film composite membrane based on a thermally rearranged poly(benzoxazole-imide) copolymer and a production method therefor and to a technique for forming a porous support by means of a thermally rearranged poly(benzoxazole-imide)copolymer and then producing, on the porous support, an ultrathin-film composite membrane comprising a thin-film active layer. The ultrathin-film composite membrane produced according to the present invention has excellent thermal/chemical stability and mechanical physical properties, thus is not only capable of withstanding high operating pressure, but also capable of minimizing internal concentration polarization and thereby obtaining high water permeance and, as a result, high power density, and thus can be applied to a pressure-retarded osmosis or forward osmosis process. Further, said ultrathin-film composite membrane has excellent chemical/thermal stability against organic solvents, has superior organic solvent nano-filtration performance, particularly maintains nano-filtration performance stably even under a high-temperature organic solvent condition, and thus can be applied as an organic solvent nano-filtration membrane.

Disclosed is a porous support including fine porous structures formed between nanofibers, wherein the fine porous structures have a porosity of 50% to 90%, a pore size of 0.01 μm to 10 μm and an air permeability of 0.01 to 7 sec/100 cc.Math.air, and the porous support has a thickness of 5 μm to 50 μm, a method of manufacturing the same and a reinforced membrane including the same.

Provided is a method of forming a filter module. The method includes: forming a non-pore ion-exchange membrane including: preparing a mixed solution of a polymer material and an ion-exchange material; and electrospraying the mixed solution to obtain the non-pore ion-exchange membrane; and interposing the non-pore ion-exchange membrane between a first polymer nanofiber web and a second polymer nanofiber web to form the filter module.

The present disclosure relates to hollow fiber tangential flow filters, including hollow fiber tangential flow depth filters, for various applications, including bioprocessing and pharmaceutical applications, systems employing such filters, and methods of filtration using the same.

Disclosed herein are polycationic microfibers comprising a high-aspect-ratio polymeric core, the polymeric core comprising a blend of a first core polymer and a second core polymer, and a polycationic polymer immobilized on the surface of the polymeric core. The polycationic microfibers are capable of sequestering or clearing nucleic acids, proteins, biomolecular complexes, exosomes, or microparticles from solutions and samples and may be formed into filters or integrated into filtration apparatuses. Also disclosed are methods for sequestering or clearing solutes from solutions and fluids, methods for the treatment of diseases or conditions, and methods for the prevention of diseases or conditions.

The disclosure discloses an anti-haze anti-harmful gas air filter membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The air filter membrane comprises a nano fiber membrane made of nano fibers and having a two-dimensional or three-dimensional network structure. The nano fiber membrane can be a high-molecular polymer nano fiber membrane prepared by utilizing an electrostatic spinning process, and can also be doped with an organic or inorganic additive capable of adsorbing and absorbing harmful gases, such as VOCs, NO.sub.x, SO.sub.x and NH.sub.3, in the air and/or a photocatalyst capable of degrading these harmful gases in a photocatalysis manner, or the like. The anti-haze anti-harmful gas air filter membrane disclosed by the disclosure can efficiently filter PM2.5 and PM10 particulate pollutants and the like in the air and simultaneously can efficiently identify and clear multiple harmful gases in the air. The anti-haze anti-harmful gas air filter membrane has a wide application prospect in the field of air purification, for example, can be applied to air purification devices, such as screen windows, gauze masks and filter screens.