A method for making a tube is described in which a multi-layer billet is extruded to provide a tube having a wall comprising an inner layer metallurgically bonded to an outer layer.

A method of reconditioning and fabricating turbine components is provided. In one embodiment, the method is performed on a fuel nozzle assembly of a gas turbine, and comprises providing a pre-assembled fuel nozzle assembly having a base, a body extending from the base to a fuel nozzle tip, an inner assembly, and an outer assembly. The method further comprises removing at least a portion of the fuel nozzle tip and the inner assembly, coupling and joining a replacement inner assembly to the base, and coupling and joining a replacement fuel nozzle tip to the replacement inner assembly and to the outer assembly to provide a reconditioned fuel nozzle.

A feed-through, in particular a feed-through which passes through part of a housing, in particular a battery housing, for example made of metal, in particular light metal, for example aluminum, an aluminum alloy, AlSiC, magnesium, an magnesium alloy, titanium, a titanium alloy, steel, stainless steel or high-grade steel. The housing part has at least one opening through which at least one conductor, in particular an essentially pin-shaped conductor, embedded in a glass or glass ceramic material, is guided. The base body is, for example, an essentially annular-shaped base body and is hermetically sealed with the housing part such that the helium leakage rate is smaller than 1*10.sup.8 mbar l/sec.

An article is provided and includes a first part having a first edge defined at an intersection of first and second surfaces where the first and second surfaces form a first angle, a second part having a second edge defined at an intersection of third and fourth surfaces where the third and fourth surfaces form a second angle which is different from the first angle and a weld joint formed at locations where the first surface contacts the third surface.

A method of manufacturing an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint includes forming cup and shaft members using medium carbon steel, preparing, as the cup member, a cup member having cylindrical and bottom portions integrally formed, and a joining end surface formed on an outer surface of the bottom portion, preparing, as the shaft member, a shaft member having a joining end surface to be joined to the bottom portion of the cup member, and bringing the joining end surfaces of the cup and shaft members into abutment against each other. The method also includes welding the cup and shaft members from an outer side of the cup member to an abutment portion between the cup and shaft members in a radial direction of the cup member under a state in which a hollow cavity portion is formed inside the abutment portion.

For butt-welding, which includes bringing joining end surfaces of a cup member and a shaft member into abutment against each other and radiating a high energy intensity beam from a radially outer side, the shaft member has a recess on a radially inner side of the joining end surface to obtain a welded portion having a closed hollow cavity on a radially inner side after butt-welding. The joining end surface (protruding surface) of the cup member protrudes toward a radially inner side with respect to an inner diameter of the joining end surface of the shaft member. With this, a welded portion of an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint, which is manufactured by joining the cup member and the shaft member, can be improved in strength and quality.

A weld structure includes a fitting portion at which a first member and a second member are engaged, a weld portion at which the first member and the second member are welded together, and a space between the fitting portion and the weld portion. One of the first member and the second member has a communication passage whose one end is open to the space and whose other end is open to an outside at a position other than the space. The communication passage is blocked by an insertion member that has a predetermined function in addition to blocking the communication passage.

A method of manufacturing an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint includes forming cup and shaft members of medium carbon steel, forging the cup member to have integrally formed cylindrical and bottom portions, and machining a joining end surface on an outer surface of the bottom portion after the forging. The method also includes preparing the shaft member to have a joining end surface to be joined to the bottom portion of the cup member, which is formed by machining, bringing the joining end surfaces of the cup and shaft members into abutment against each other and welding the cup and shaft members by radiating a beam from an outer side of the cup member to an abutment portion between the cup and shaft members in a radial direction of the cup member.

A method of manufacturing an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint includes forming cup and shaft members of medium carbon steel, forging the cup member to have integrally formed cylindrical and bottom portions, and machining a joining end surface on an outer surface of the bottom portion after the forging. The method also includes preparing the shaft member to have a joining end surface to be joined to the bottom portion of the cup member, which is formed by machining, bringing the joining end surfaces of the cup and shaft members into abutment against each other and welding the cup and shaft members by radiating a beam from an outer side of the cup member to an abutment portion between the cup and shaft members in a radial direction of the cup member.

A flow substrate comprising a substrate body formed from a solid block of a first material, the substrate body having a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface, a plurality of pairs of component conduit ports defined in the first surface of the substrate body, a plurality of fluid pathways extending between each respective pair of component conduit ports and in fluid communication with each component conduit port of the respective pair of component conduit ports, each respective fluid pathway being formed in the second surface of the substrate body; and at least one cap formed from a second material, the at least one cap having a first cap surface that is constructed to seal at least one fluid pathway, and a second cap surface opposing the first surface, wherein the substrate body includes an opening configured to couple with the at least one cap.