Various examples are provided for highly selective and ultra-high throughput filtration using bilayer two-dimensional (2D) material laminates and highly absorptive medium of 2D material laminates or solution dispersions. In one example, a 2D material bilayer membrane includes a first membrane layer; an interlinking layer of interlinking molecules disposed on the first membrane layer; and a second membrane layer disposed on the interlinking layer. The interlinking molecules electrostatically or covalently interlink the second membrane layer and first membrane layer.

The invention relates to an ultrafiltration unit for continuous buffer or medium exchange, a method for continuous buffer or medium exchange in the ultrafiltration unit, and a plant in particular for (semi)continuous production of biopharmaceutical and biological macromolecular products in particular, such as proteins, e.g. monoclonal antibodies and vaccines, comprising the ultrafiltration unit according to the invention.

The present invention provides a hollow fiber membrane including a cellulose acetate-based polymer, in which when an inner surface of the hollow fiber membrane is observed under an atomic force microscope, a plurality of groove-like recesses oriented in a lengthwise direction of the hollow fiber membrane are observed, an average length of the recesses is greater than or equal to 200 nm and less than or equal to 500 nm, an average width of the recesses is greater than or equal to 15 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm, and an aspect ratio defined as a ratio of the average length to the average width of each of the recesses is greater than or equal to 6 and less than or equal to 22.

The present technology provides micro fabricated filtration devices, methods of making such devices, and uses for microfabricated filtration devices. The devices may allow diffusion to occur between two fluids with improved transport resistance characteristics as compared to conventional filtration devices. The devices may include a compound structure that includes a porous membrane overlying a support structure. The support structure may define a cavity and a plurality of recesses formed in a way that can allow modified convective flow of a first fluid to provide improved diffusive transport between the first fluid and a second fluid through the membrane.

Provided are nanoporous silicon nitride membranes and methods of making such membranes. The membranes can be part of a monolithic structure or free-standing. The membranes can be made by transfer of the nanoporous structure of a nanoporous silicon or silicon oxide film by, for example, reactive ion etching. The membranes can be used in, for example, filtration applications, hemodialysis applications, hemodialysis devices, laboratory separation devices, multi-well cell culture devices, electronic biosensors, optical biosensors, active pre-concentration filters for microfluidic devices.

A method for removing hydrogen sulfide from a liquid stream is described. The method includes contacting the liquid stream including a first amount of hydrogen sulfide with a first side of a porous gas-liquid separation membrane. The hydrogen sulfide moves through the pores of the membrane from the first side to a second, opposite side of the membrane. The method further includes contacting a receiving fluid with the second, opposite side of the porous membrane to receive the hydrogen sulfide. The liquid stream is thus converted to a reduced-sulfide liquid stream having a second amount of hydrogen sulfide that is less than the first amount of hydrogen sulfide. A method for removing ammonia from a liquid stream is also described.

The invention relates to a filter device for the exchange of substances, comprising a pipe section-shaped housing with a center of gravity and with two housing ends, in which housing a hollow fiber bundle consisting of semi-permeable membranes is arranged, comprising, furthermore, an end cap having a first and second opening, wherein the housing and the end cap configure a first sealing surface which connects the housing and the end cap sealingly, and wherein the first sealing surface is spaced apart further from the center of gravity of the housing than the aperture, and wherein a first fluid chamber is formed between the first sealing surface and the first opening of the end cap, via which first fluid chamber the first opening is connected to the first flow chamber, wherein the housing and the one end cap configure a second sealing surface, wherein the first and second sealing surface are not configured by way of a sealant.

A method for reducing the volume of a raw material liquid, the raw material liquid containing at least a valuable and a first solvent, wherein the raw material liquid further contains an accessory component other than the valuable and the first solvent, or contains a mixed solvent including the first solvent and a second solvent as a solvent, and the method for reducing the volume of the raw material liquid is performed by combining a first process in which the first solvent is removed from the raw material liquid and a second process in which the concentration of the second solvent or the accessory component is adjusted from the raw material liquid using a dialysis method with a dialysis membrane.

A hemodialysis system is disclosed. The hemodialysis system includes a dialyzer, a saline container including saline, and a disposable set comprising a blood pumping tube fluidly connected to a first end of the dialyzer, an arterial line fluidly connected to a first end of the blood pumping tube, a venous line fluidly connected to a second end of the dialyzer, a saline line fluidly connected to the blood pumping tube and the saline container, and a dialyzer line fluidly connected to a second end of the blood pumping tube and a second end of the dialyzer. The hemodialysis system also includes a dialysis instrument comprising an arterial line clamp, a venous line clamp, and a saline valve. The saline rinses blood out of the arterial line when the venous line clamp is closed, the arterial line clamp is opened, and the saline value is opened.

The invention relates to processes for the production of capillary dialyzers. The processes involve thermoforming of bundles of hollow fiber membranes. The disclosure also relates to an apparatus for thermoforming bundles of hollow fiber membranes.