An article of manufacture includes a three-dimensional (3D) printed object for chemical reaction control. The 3D printed object includes a chemical reactant to be released to control a chemical reaction according to a chemical reactant release profile. The chemical reactant release profile is determined based on a shape of the 3D printed object.

A molecular building block composition can include a metal ion component; and a ligand component including a core including at least one functional group associated with the metal ion component and the core.

An article of manufacture includes a three-dimensional (3D) printed object for chemical reaction control. The 3D printed object includes a chemical reactant to be released to control a chemical reaction according to a chemical reactant release profile. The chemical reactant release profile is determined based on a shape of the 3D printed object.

Process for the preparation of azidoperfluoroalkanes and azidopolyfluoroalkanes of general formula R.sub.FN.sub.3, where R.sub.F is chosen from a group containing C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1, C.sub.nF.sub.xH.sub.2n+1x, C.sub.nF.sub.xX.sub.2n+1x or R.sup.1CF.sub.2CF.sub.2, where n is an integer in the range of 1 to 10, x is an integer in the range of 2 to 20, X is Cl, Br, or I, R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-10 alkyl, ArO, ArS, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, or pyrazolyl and Ar is phenyl or substituted phenyl, by the reaction of electrophilic azidation reagent of general formula R.sup.2N.sub.3, where R.sup.2 is n-C.sub.4F.sub.9SO.sub.2, ArSO.sub.2, Br, I, with synthetic equivalent of polyfluoroalkylated carbanion of general formula [R.sub.F].sup..

The present invention relates to a novel metal complex, a method for producing same, and a method for producing a gamma-lactam compound using same, and the metal complex according to the present invention is used as a catalyst for producing a gamma-lactam compound and can efficiently produce a gamma-lactam compound with an excellent yield and excellent selectivity.

A molecular building block composition can include a metal ion component; and a ligand component including a core including at least one functional group associated with the metal ion component and the core.

Disclosed is a heterogeneous catalyst for producing acetic acid by carbonylation of methanol. In the heterogeneous catalyst, a rhodium complex ion is ionically bonded to an insoluble catalyst support, and the insoluble catalyst support includes a fluoropolymer having a quaternary pyridine radical alone or in combination with an acetate radical grafted on the surface thereof. According to the disclosure, a fixed-bed bubble column reactor can be easily designed. In addition, a special device for catalyst separation is not required, and thus the device manufacturing cost can be saved, the operating cost can be reduced due to process simplification, and productivity can be greatly increased.

The present invention provides a photolatent Ti-chelate catalyst formulation, comprising (i) at least one compound of the formula (I) wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl or C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkyl which is interrupted by one or more non-consecutive O-atoms; Y is formula (II) or optionally substituted phenyl; Y.sub.1 is formula (III) or optionally substituted phenyl; Y.sub.2 is formula (IV) or optionally substituted phenyl; Y.sub.3 is formula (V) or optionally substituted phenyl; R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11, R.sub.12 and R.sub.13 independently of each other are hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, or R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11, R.sub.12 and R.sub.13 independently of each other are optionally substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.14aryl, provided that only one of R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 is hydrogen and only one of R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 is hydrogen and only one of R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 is hydrogen and only one of R.sub.11, R.sub.12, R.sub.13 is hydrogen; and (ii) at least one chelate ligand compound of the formula IIa, IIb or IIc, wherein Y is formula (VI) or formula (VII); Y.sub.1 is formula (VIII) or formula (IX); R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 independently of each other have on of the meanings as given for R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11, R.sub.12 and R.sub.13; and R.sub.14, R.sub.15 and R.sub.16 independently of each other have on of the meanings as given for R.sub.14, R.sub.15 and R.sub.16. ##STR00001##

A process for producing acetic acid is disclosed in which the methyl iodide concentration is maintained in the vapor product stream formed in a flashing step. The methyl iodide concentration in the vapor product stream ranges from 24 to less than 36 wt. % methyl iodide, based on the weight of the vapor product stream. In addition, the acetaldehyde concentration is maintained within the range from 0.005 to 1 wt. % in the vapor product stream. The vapor product stream is distilled in a first column to obtain an acetic acid product stream comprising acetic acid and up to 300 wppm hydrogen iodide and/or from 0.1 to 6 wt. % methyl iodide and an overhead stream comprising methyl iodide, water and methyl acetate.

This invention relates to a method of immobilizing a protein on particles, and more particularly to a method of immobilizing an antibody on magnetic particles. The method of immobilizing the protein on the particles can prevent aggregation due to non-specific binding between proteins and between proteins and particles, whereby a relatively small amount of protein can be immobilized on particles.