Provided is a technology for efficiently manufacturing 1,3-butadiene from 1,4-butanediol or 3-buten-1-ol in a reaction condition with a high conversion rate. A catalyst for manufacturing 1,3-butadiene, contains: ytterbium oxide as an active component for generating 1,3-butadiene from 1,4-butanediol or 3-buten-1-ol. In addition, a manufacturing method of 1,3-butadiene, includes: a step of obtaining a fluid containing 1,3-butadiene by bringing at least one of 1,4-butanediol and 3-buten-1-ol into contact with the catalyst for manufacturing 1,3-butadiene.

Provided is a technology for efficiently manufacturing 1,3-butadiene from 1,4-butanediol or 3-buten-1-ol in a reaction condition with a high conversion rate. A catalyst for manufacturing 1,3-butadiene, contains: ytterbium oxide as an active component for generating 1,3-butadiene from 1,4-butanediol or 3-buten-1-ol. In addition, a manufacturing method of 1,3-butadiene, includes: a step of obtaining a fluid containing 1,3-butadiene by bringing at least one of 1,4-butanediol and 3-buten-1-ol into contact with the catalyst for manufacturing 1,3-butadiene.

The present invention provides an exhaust gas purification catalyst in which platinum group metal migration from a catalyst layer to a base material during high temperature duration is suppressed. The exhaust gas purification catalyst disclosed herein includes a base material, a catalyst layer, and an intermediate layer arranged between the base material and the catalyst layer. The base material contains SiC. The catalyst layer contains a platinum group metal as a catalyst component. The intermediate layer contains substantially no platinum group metal. A product of a thickness of the intermediate layer (μm) and a specific surface area (m.sup.2/g) of the intermediate layer is 1100 or more.

The present invention provides an exhaust gas purification catalyst in which platinum group metal migration from a catalyst layer to a base material during high temperature duration is suppressed. The exhaust gas purification catalyst disclosed herein includes a base material, a catalyst layer, and an intermediate layer arranged between the base material and the catalyst layer. The base material contains SiC. The catalyst layer contains a platinum group metal as a catalyst component. The intermediate layer contains substantially no platinum group metal. A product of a thickness of the intermediate layer (μm) and a specific surface area (m.sup.2/g) of the intermediate layer is 1100 or more.

A catalyst device includes a central axis and a catalyst support. The catalyst support includes a slit that is arranged to be orthogonal to the central axis. The slit is arranged to be symmetrical with respect to an arbitrary plane that includes the central axis.

A catalyst device includes a central axis and a catalyst support. The catalyst support includes a slit that is arranged to be orthogonal to the central axis. The slit is arranged to be symmetrical with respect to an arbitrary plane that includes the central axis.

A new plasma catalyst in the form of a ceramic-matrix nanocomposite is disclosed for application to the plasma-assisted combustion. The new functionality of the nanoceramic plasma catalyst is driven by the synergistic effect of plasma and solids. The plasma catalyst is based on combinations of valve metal oxides, polar transition-metal oxides, rare-earth oxides and phosphides, alkali metal oxides, silicon oxides and nitrides, etc. are disclosed. The advantage of combining a heterogeneous catalytic and plasma catalytic effect allows utility for large area applications and is scalable for large-scale industries.

A novel method for catalytic dehydration of glycerol to acrolein is provided. A fixed bed reactor is used, which is placed in a microwave unit. The feedstock is introduced into the fixed bed reactor after being preheated and gasified. Continuous glycerol dehydration occurs in the presence of a microwave-absorbing catalyst in the fixed bed reactor to form acrolein. The microwave-absorbing catalyst is composed of an active component loaded on a core-shell structure which consists of microwave absorbent coated by an oxide. The uniformity of microwave heating can reduce the formation of hot spot during the reaction and hence improve the catalyst stability. The process and operation is simple, and the unit can steadily run for a long time.

Provided is an electrically heated catalytic converter including at least a conductive substrate and an electrode member that is fixed to the substrate, in which a protective film is formed on a surface of at least a portion of the electrode member. In the electrically heated catalytic converter, at least a portion of the protective film is formed of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, a composite material of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2, or a composite oxide including Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, or a composite material of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 as a major component, the protective film has an amorphous structure or a partially crystalline glass structure having a crystallization rate of 30 vol % or lower with respect to the entire portion of the protective film, and a thickness of the protective film is in a range of 100 nm to 2 μm.

Provided is an electrically heated catalytic converter including at least a conductive substrate and an electrode member that is fixed to the substrate, in which a protective film is formed on a surface of at least a portion of the electrode member. In the electrically heated catalytic converter, at least a portion of the protective film is formed of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, a composite material of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2, or a composite oxide including Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, or a composite material of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 as a major component, the protective film has an amorphous structure or a partially crystalline glass structure having a crystallization rate of 30 vol % or lower with respect to the entire portion of the protective film, and a thickness of the protective film is in a range of 100 nm to 2 μm.