A method for removing at least one contaminant from a fluid stream by filtering the fluid stream with a filtration medium. The filtration medium includes an impregnate. The impregnate includes a surfactant such as sulfamic acid. The medium has from about 0.1 to about 25% by weight of impregnate. The method is useful for removing one or more volatile organic compounds, particularly formaldehyde, from the fluid stream. In some embodiments, the method includes removing at least two volatile organic compound contaminants from the fluid stream.

This invention provides processes for reducing the environmental availability of one or more environmental pollutants in solids, liquids, and combinations of solids and liquids.

The present document describes a carbon allotrope-silica composite material comprising a silica microcapsule comprising a silica shell having a thickness of from about 50 nm to about 500 μm, and a plurality of pores, said shell forming a capsule having a diameter from about 0.2 μm to about 1500 μm, and having a density of about 0.001 g/cm3 to about 1.0 g/cm3, wherein said shell comprises from about 0% to about 70% Q3 configuration, and from about 30% to about 100% Q4 configuration, or wherein said shell comprises from about 0% to about 60% T2 configuration and from about 40% to about 100% T3 configuration, or wherein said shell comprises a combination of T and Q configurations thereof, and wherein an exterior surface of said capsule is covered by a functional group; a carbon allotrope attached to said silica microcapsule. Also described is a carbon allotrope-silica composite material comprising a carbon allotrope attached to a silica moiety comprising a silica nanoparticle having a diameter from about 5 nm to about 1000 nm, wherein an exterior surface of said silica nanoparticle is covered by a functional group.

Methods for the manufacture of sorbent compositions, sorbent compositions and methods for using the sorbent compositions. The methods include the utilization of an acidic halogen solution as a source of a halogen species that is dispersed on a solid sorbent. The use of the acidic halogen solution results in a highly active halogen species that demonstrates improved efficacy for the removal of heavy metal(s) from a flue gas. The sorbent composition includes a substantially amorphous halogen species associated with a solid sorbent such as powdered activated carbon (PAC).

A method of making clumping deodorizer granules can include applying a clumping agent to a particles containing activated carbon to at least partially coat an outer surface of the particles with a distinct layer comprising the clumping agent. Clumping deodorizer granules can include particles containing activated carbon, and an outer surface of each of the particles is at least partially coated with a distinct layer containing a clumping agent. A method of reducing malodor from animal waste can include adding clumping deodorizer granules to a pet litter in a litter box, the clumping deodorizer granules including particles containing activated carbon, and an outer surface of each of the particles is at least partially coated with a distinct layer containing a clumping agent.

An adsorption device for compressed gas, is provided with a vessel with an inlet for the supply of a compressed gas to be treated, and an outlet for treated gas and an adsorption element is affixed in the vessel. The adsorption element extends along the flow direction of the compressed gas to be treated, between the inlet and the outlet. The adsorption element has a monolithic supporting structure that is at least partially provided with a coating that contains an adsorbent.

This invention describes a novel method for adsorbing heavy metals and a novel adsorbent for same. In one embodiment, the method is used to specifically remove Pb(II). In one embodiment, the adsorbent comprises modified carbon disulfide (CS.sub.2). In one or more embodiments the CS.sub.2 is modified with a graphene derivative. In one or more embodiments the graphene derivative is graphene oxide (GO).

The present invention relates to a substrate, and a preparation method therefor and the use thereof. What is referred to as the substrate has a surface, the surface comprising a polymer coating covalently attached thereto. The polymer coating comprises a polymer comprising a repeating unit A as represented by formula I and a repeating unit B as represented by formula II or formula III:

##STR00001##

wherein X is selected from O or NH, R.sub.01, R.sub.01 and R.sub.01 or are each independently selected from H or a C1-C3 alkyl, R.sub.0 is selected from a C1-C10 alkyl or (C1-C5 alkyl)-NHNHS-PEG4, and R.sub.0 comprises at least one R.sub.02 substitution, at least one R.sub.02 substitution each independently selected from epoxy, amino, or azido, R.sub.03, R.sub.03, R.sub.03, R.sub.03, R.sub.04, R.sub.04, R.sub.04, R.sub.05, R.sub.05 and R.sub.05 are each independently selected from H, a C1-C3 alkyl, acylamino or ester group, L.sub.1 is selected from a C1-C3 alkylene or C(O)R.sub.06C(O), and R.sub.06 is selected from PEG or alkyldiamine. The surface can load biomolecules at a higher density, can meet the evolving developments in terms of biomolecular preparation and/or analysis requirements, and has a good stability.

A coating composition and method for the mitigation of pollutants using the coating composition. The coating composition is effective to reduce the re-emission of pollutants from a surface that is imbibed with the pollutants. Pollutants that can be mitigated include those found in tobacco smoke and marijuana smoke, such as ammonia, 2-butatone (MEK), benzene and naphthalene. The coating composition is effective to mitigate such pollutants over a long period of time as compared to know compositions, and therefore significantly reduce the emission of thirdhand smoke. The coating composition may also increase the fire resistance of the surface.

The disclosure discloses a method for preparing biochar from Enteromorpha prolifera and use of the biochar. The method includes: subjecting Enteromorpha prolifera to lyophilization, then impregnating lyophilized Enteromorpha prolifera with phosphoric acid, and drying to a constant weight; grinding a dried mixture in a mortar, and then subjecting a ground sample to activation treatment in a tube furnace at 400 C. to 1,000 C. under a nitrogen atmosphere; and boiling an obtained solid product with concentrated hydrochloric acid, then washing with ultrapure water, and drying to a constant weight to obtain Enteromorpha prolifera biochar. The biochar is used in adsorption of cadmium. The method for removing cadmium using Enteromorpha prolifera biochar provided by the disclosure exhibits an extremely high adsorption and removal capacity for cadmium, with an adsorption capacity of biochar up to 250 mg/g or more.