A method for manufacturing a multi-layer stack includes bonding a transparent plate to an outer surface of at least one of a first glass panel or a second glass panel of a glass panel unit with an intermediate film interposed therebetween. The glass panel unit includes: the first glass panel; the second glass panel; and an evacuated space provided between the first glass panel and the second glass panel. A plurality of spacers are provided in the evacuated space between the first glass panel and the second glass panel. A pressure applied for bonding the glass panel unit and the transparent plate together is less than a compressive strength of the plurality of spacers.

The laminated glass of the present invention is a laminated glass comprising an infrared reflective layer, wherein an average reflectance R(A) at a wavelength of 900 to 1300 nm at an incident angle of 60° on one face is 20% or less. According to the present invention, even when an infrared reflective layer is provided in the laminated glass, infrared radiation incident on one face is prevented from being reflected on the infrared reflective layer, and monitoring accuracy in the infrared monitoring system is improved.

A spacing device for a system for laminating a laminate, in particular photovoltaic modules. The system includes a membrane holder adapted to apply a membrane to the laminate under pressure for lamination. The spacing device includes a circulating belt and a plurality of spacing members connected to the band and configured to at least partially form a frame for the laminate in at least a portion of the circulating belt and thereby suppress edge compression of the laminate during lamination.

An optical film includes a plurality of alternating first and second layers. The first layers have a first in-plane birefringence, the second layers have a second in-plane birefringence, and the second in-plane birefringence is less than the first in-plane birefringence and greater than 0.03. The first layers may include polyethylene terephthalate homopolymer and the second layers may include glycol-modified co(polyethylene terephthalate). The optical film has a shrinkage along a first direction of greater than 4% and a shrinkage along an orthogonal second direction of greater than 3% when heated at 150° C. for 15 minutes. A glass laminate is prepared by disposing the optical film between glass layers and laminating the optical film to the glass layers.

A ballistic glass assembly including a first glass layer and a second layer including a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) adhesive film. The ballistic glass assembly may also include an intermediate layer comprising a substantially transparent impact resistant material positioned between the first layer and the second layer. Methods of forming the ballistic glass assembly where the second layer and the intermediate layer match the contour of the first glass layer.

A method for laminating glass sheets is disclosed. A sandwich structure sheet moving in a heating furnace on rollers is heated by two-sided hot air blasting which is carried out by several successive blowing aperture sections, and, to reduce or prevent the formation of air bubbles in finished laminated glass, the heating of the rear end of the sandwich structure sheet is prevented by cutting off the hot air blasting of at least one blowing aperture section when the rear edge of the sandwich structure sheet approaches the blowing aperture section. An apparatus for laminating glass sheets is also disclosed, comprising a heating furnace, a pair of press rolls and means for establishing location data on the sandwich structure sheet. The heating furnace is provided with a roller track, a blower, a heating resistor, an air distribution conduit, and several successive blowing boxes with closing means.

A laminated glazing includes a first glass layer, a second glass layer, an interlayer, and an optical coating layer. The interlayer is between the first glass layer and the second glass layer and has a first textured surface with a texture. The optical coating layer is between the interlayer and the second glass layer and includes an optical coating material. One or more of the texture or the optical coating material is different between an outer region and a central region of the laminated glazing.

A method for making a layered structure without any defects, including a first support layer, a second support layer, and an adhesive intermediate layer interposed between the first layer and the second layer which is adapted to fix the layers on each other. The intermediate layer embeds operatively at least a three-dimensional macroscopic element being made of crystal glass or precious stones, and the intermediate layer is made of a thermoplastic resin having a melting temperature.

The interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention is an interlayer film for laminated glass that is disposed between an inorganic glass and an organic glass to bond the inorganic glass and the organic glass together, wherein the interlayer film for laminated glass comprises at least a first resin portion and a second resin portion, the interlayer film for laminated glass has a total thickness of 50 μm or more and 2.0 mm or less, a product (kG1′) of a storage modulus (G1′) of the first resin portion measured at 80° C. at a frequency of 1 Hz in a shear mode and a coefficient (k) calculated by the following formula is less than 1.1×10.sup.7 Pa, and a storage modulus (G2′) of the second resin portion measured at 80° C. at a frequency of 1 Hz in a shear mode is larger than 2.5×10.sup.4 Pa,

k=(Cb×Tb)/(Ca×Ta) wherein Ca is a linear expansion coefficient of the inorganic glass, Cb is a linear expansion coefficient of the organic glass, Ta is a thickness of the inorganic glass, and Tb is a thickness of the organic glass.

Safety glass and method for its obtainment is presented. The safety glass includes a single glass plate with at least one layer of Polyvinyl butyral (“PVB”) film applied without adhesive over the interior face of the glass plate and at least one layer of Crystallizable PolyEthylene Terephthalate (“C-PET”) film applied without adhesive over the at least one PVB film layer on the interior face of the glass plate. The safety film optionally includes a safety film layer for shatter-proofing applied over the exterior face of the single glass plate and/or over the at least one C-PET film layer on interior face of the single glass plate.