The present invention is intended to provide a method that can produce an oxidation reaction product of a hydrocarbon or a derivative thereof in an aqueous phase using a hydrocarbon or a derivative thereof as a raw material. In order to achieve the above object, the method for producing an oxidation reaction product of a hydrocarbon or a derivative thereof of the present invention includes the step of: irradiating a reaction system with light in a presence of a raw material and a halogen oxide radical to react, wherein the raw material is a hydrocarbon or a derivative thereof, the reaction system is a reaction system containing an aqueous phase, the aqueous phase contains the raw material and the halogen oxide radical, and in the reaction step, the raw material is oxidized to produce an oxidation reaction product of the raw material.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a formic acid including, a first step of allowing carbon dioxide and hydrogen to react with each other in a solution containing a solvent and a catalyst dissolved in the solvent and in the presence of an amine insoluble in the solvent, and allowing a generated formic acid to adsorb to the amine, in which the catalyst contains at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of metal elements belonging to Groups 8, 9, and 10 of a periodic table and the amine is an amine immobilized on a solid.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a formic acid including, a first step of allowing carbon dioxide and hydrogen to react with each other in a solution containing a solvent and a catalyst dissolved in the solvent and in the presence of an amine insoluble in the solvent, and allowing a generated formic acid to adsorb to the amine, in which the catalyst contains at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of metal elements belonging to Groups 8, 9, and 10 of a periodic table and the amine is an amine immobilized on a solid.

A method for generating a carboxylic acid from carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), the method includes (a) feeding a gas stream having the CO.sub.2 to a first reactor having a base (MOH) to produce bicarbonate (MHCO.sub.3) and (b) feeding the MHCO.sub.3 generated in the first reactor to a second reactor disposed downstream from the first reactor. The second reactor includes a catalyst. The method also includes (c) contacting the MHCO.sub.3 with hydrogen gas in the presence of the catalyst in the second reactor to produce formate (HCOOM) and (d) electrolysing an aqueous solution of a metal halide (MCl) in a chloro-alkali electrolysis reactor fluidly coupled to the first reactor, the second reactor, or both to produce at least a portion of the MOH, the hydrogen gas and Cl.sub.2. The portion of the MOH is used in step (a) and the carboxylic acid is formic acid (HCOOH).

A method for generating a carboxylic acid from carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), the method includes (a) feeding a gas stream having the CO.sub.2 to a first reactor having a base (MOH) to produce bicarbonate (MHCO.sub.3) and (b) feeding the MHCO.sub.3 generated in the first reactor to a second reactor disposed downstream from the first reactor. The second reactor includes a catalyst. The method also includes (c) contacting the MHCO.sub.3 with hydrogen gas in the presence of the catalyst in the second reactor to produce formate (HCOOM) and (d) electrolysing an aqueous solution of a metal halide (MCl) in a chloro-alkali electrolysis reactor fluidly coupled to the first reactor, the second reactor, or both to produce at least a portion of the MOH, the hydrogen gas and Cl.sub.2. The portion of the MOH is used in step (a) and the carboxylic acid is formic acid (HCOOH).

This invention relates to a method for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethyl esters of carboxylic acids. Said method consists of treating the biomass material with an oxidizing agent that is incorporated in an solution comprising one or more acids, one or more alcohols and water, and subsequently performing a catalytic reaction at a higher temperature using the same acidic solution into which a larger volume of alcohol is added, in such a way that the catalytic conversion occurs in a medium with a much higher concentration of alcohol, i.e. with a much higher alcohol-to-water wt ratio. Such a method results in relatively high yields of ethyl esters, such as ethyl esters of formic, acetic, and levulinic acids, while producing a low yield of dialkyl ethers, which are unwanted by-products. The concentration of the oxidizing agent in the pre-treatment step is preferably higher than 6.0 wt %. The oxidizing agent is preferably a Fenton or Fenton-type reagent, and most preferably hydrogen peroxide activated by Fe (II), and/or Ti (IV) ions. The alcohol is preferably ethanol, and when ethanol is used, diethyl ether is formed as the unwanted dialkyl ether by-product. Preferably, the biomass material is pelleted before treatment.

This invention relates to a method for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethyl esters of carboxylic acids. Said method consists of treating the biomass material with an oxidizing agent that is incorporated in an solution comprising one or more acids, one or more alcohols and water, and subsequently performing a catalytic reaction at a higher temperature using the same acidic solution into which a larger volume of alcohol is added, in such a way that the catalytic conversion occurs in a medium with a much higher concentration of alcohol, i.e. with a much higher alcohol-to-water wt ratio. Such a method results in relatively high yields of ethyl esters, such as ethyl esters of formic, acetic, and levulinic acids, while producing a low yield of dialkyl ethers, which are unwanted by-products. The concentration of the oxidizing agent in the pre-treatment step is preferably higher than 6.0 wt %. The oxidizing agent is preferably a Fenton or Fenton-type reagent, and most preferably hydrogen peroxide activated by Fe (II), and/or Ti (IV) ions. The alcohol is preferably ethanol, and when ethanol is used, diethyl ether is formed as the unwanted dialkyl ether by-product. Preferably, the biomass material is pelleted before treatment.

The present invention describes a selective glycerol oxidation process comprising a set of steps. In the first step, a glycerol-containing raw material and an oxidizing agent are fed into a reaction vessel containing an iron oxide-containing catalyst. Subsequently, the glycerol-containing raw material, the oxidizing agent, and said iron oxide-containing catalyst are brought into contact at a temperature in the range of 100 to 350° C., wherein the glycerol-oxidation reaction occurs.

The present invention describes a selective glycerol oxidation process comprising a set of steps. In the first step, a glycerol-containing raw material and an oxidizing agent are fed into a reaction vessel containing an iron oxide-containing catalyst. Subsequently, the glycerol-containing raw material, the oxidizing agent, and said iron oxide-containing catalyst are brought into contact at a temperature in the range of 100 to 350° C., wherein the glycerol-oxidation reaction occurs.

This invention relates to a method for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethyl esters of carboxylic acids. Said method consists of treating the biomass material with an oxidizing agent that is incorporated in an solution comprising one or more acids, one or more alcohols and water, and subsequently performing a catalytic reaction at a higher temperature using the same acidic solution into which a larger volume of alcohol is added, in such a way that the catalytic conversion occurs in a medium with a much higher concentration of alcohol, i.e. with a much higher alcohol-to-water wt ratio. Such a method results in relatively high yields of ethyl esters, such as ethyl esters of formic, acetic, and levulinic acids, while producing a low yield of dialkyl ethers, which are unwanted by-products. The concentration of the oxidizing agent in the pre-treatment step is preferably higher than 6.0 wt %. The oxidizing agent is preferably a Fenton or Fenton-type reagent, and most preferably hydrogen peroxide activated by Fe (II), and/or Ti (IV) ions. The alcohol is preferably ethanol, and when ethanol is used, diethyl ether is formed as the unwanted dialkyl ether by-product. Preferably, the biomass material is pelleted before treatment.