Nasolacrimal obstruction treatment device and method

Abstract

A device and method for performing probing and intubation of the nasolacrimal system includes a tubular probe through which a tracer fluid is injected and collected in the nasal cavity to verify that the tip of the probe has passed through an obstruction and reached the nasal cavity. A sleeve fitted over the probe has distal segment that is inflated in order to retain the sleeve in the nasolacrimal system once the tubular probe has been withdrawn. Removal of blood and other obstructions encountered during the probing or intubation process is accomplished by connecting the proximal end of the probe to a suction device.

Claims

1. A device for the treatment of nasolacrimal obstructions which comprises: a tube made of a substantially hard semi-rigid material, and having a proximal end, a blunted distal end, an axial lumen, a total length between approximately 4 and 50 centimeters and an outer diameter between 0.125 and 4.00 millimeters; a connector at said proximal end; said lumen having at least one orifice at said distal end; and, a flexible sleeve having a proximal end, a distal end, an axial interior channel closed at said distal end and being dimensioned to allow said channel to be engaged by said tube leaving a radial gap between said tube and said sleeve, allowing fluid to pass through said gap; said sleeve having a length shorter than said total length of said tube; wherein said sleeve further comprises: a first seal against said tube near said distal end; and, an inflatable segment between said proximal end and said distal end.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein said orifice comprises at least one radial outlet about 0.5 to 30 millimeters from said distal end, and said outlet has a diameter between about 0.025 and 2.5 millimeters.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein said material substantially is taken from a group consisting essentially of stainless steel, bronze, silver, aluminum, titanium, brass, and alloy thereof, Kevlar, Nitinol, polyimide, Dacron, nylon, EPTFE and PVC; and said tube further comprises a slanted radial flange proximate to said connector.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein said connector is shaped and dimensioned to interlock with a pressurized fluid source.

5. The device of claim 1, which further comprises a stiffening rod diametrically sized to engage said lumen.

6. The device of claim 5, wherein said rod has a length at least equal to said total length.

7. The device of claim 6, wherein said rod has an enlarged manipulable end section.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein said flexible sleeve has a radial hole proximate said distal end.

9. The device of claim 1, wherein said tube comprises a radial flange proximate to said connector, and wherein said sleeve comprises a first radial flange around said proximal end; said first radial flange being oriented at the same axial angle as the radial flange of said tube.

10. The device of claim 9, wherein said sleeve comprises a second radial flange distally proximate to said first radial flange.

11. The device of claim 1, wherein said inflatable segment comprises said sleeve having a reduced wall thickness along said segment.

12. A method for intubating a patient's nasolacrimal duct which comprises the steps of: inserting the tube and the sleeve of claim 1 through a patient's punctum, into the lacrimal sac; tilting the sleeve and tube about 90 degrees into alignment with the patient's nasolacrimal duct; pushing the tube and sleeve through the nasolacrimal duct down to the nasal cavity; injecting a tracing fluid into the tube; verifying that the tube and sleeve have reached the nasal cavity by recovering traces of said fluid in said cavity; inflating said inflatable segment through said gap; and withdrawing said tube and said sleeve.

13. The method of claim 12, which further comprises inserting a stiffening rod diametrically sized to engage said lumen.

14. The method of claim 12, which further comprises connecting said tube to a suction device during said step of pushing.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein said step of recovering comprises connecting a suction device to said tube.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

(1) FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a nasolacrimal probe according to the invention;

(2) FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an intubation sleeve;

(3) FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a combination of the aforesaid probe and sleeve;

(4) FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the sleeve in the inflated position;

(5) FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the alternate embodiment of the sleeve in the irrigating position;

(6) FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the proximal end of the probe and sleeve combination;

(7) FIG. 7 illustrates the first positioning of the probe;

(8) FIG. 8 illustrates the final position of the probe;

(9) FIG. 9 illustrate intubation with sleeve having an inflatable end segment; and

(10) FIG. 10 illustrates suction through the probe.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(11) Referring now to the drawing, there is shown in FIG. 1 a cross-sectional view of nasolacrimal probe 1 specifically designed to probe obstructions in a patient's drainage system and nasolacrimal duct. The device comprises a tube 2 having a blunted distal end 3, an open proximal end 4 equipped with a luer-lock 5 or other type of connector, and axial lumen 6. An outwardly projecting radial flange 7 near the luer-lock is slanted at an angle from about 20 to 90 degrees, and can typically be 45 degrees to the axis of the probe. The probe can also be made without the flange. The device 1 is shaped and dimensioned for insertion through a patient's punctum and canaliculus, then through the lacrimal sac and into the nasolacrimal duct down to the nasal cavity down to the point where the flange 7 rests against the entry punctum. The device has a slight degree of flexibility resulting from the choice of material and its dimensions. The tube 2 and connector 5 are preferably made of a metal such as stainless steel, titanium, silver, aluminum, bronze, brass or any alloy of these metals, or of synthetic materials such as Kevlar, Nitinol, polymide, Dacron, nylon, EPTFE or PVC. The total insertable length A is preferably 10 centimeters, but may fall between approximately 5 and 50 centimeters. The outer diameter B of the tube, is preferably 0.64 millimeters, but may range from approximately 0.10 to 3.75 millimeters.

(12) One or a pair of diametrically opposite radial orifices or outlets 8 are located 0.5 to 30 millimeters approximately from the distal end 3. The diameter of each outlet is preferably 0.025 millimeters, but can reach 2.5 millimeters in large models. The distal end is blunted by a rounded or conical tip 9. Alternately, a single axial orifice with a rounded lip to prevent abrasion may be provided at the distal end of the tube with a diameter of, preferably, 0.25 millimeters, but could fall anywhere between 0.025 and 2.5 millimeters. Although the tube is made of a rigid or semi-rigid material its length and the relative thinness of its wall may render it quite flexible and easily bendable. To avoid damaging the tube and generally increase its rigidity, a stiffening rod 10 diametrically sized to engage the lumen 6 of the tube is provided. The rod has a length slightly in excess of the total length A of the tube, and is made of the same type of material. A manipulable flattened or otherwise enlarged section 10a at the proximal end of the rod facilitates its handling.

(13) Probing of the nasolacrimal duct with the device 1 begins with inserting the tube through a patient's punctum 11 and canaliculus 12 down to the lacrimal sac 13, as shown in FIG. 7. A barrier is felt when the probe encounters the medial lacrimal sac wall and lacrimal fossa. At that point, the probe is then retracted about 0.5 millimeters and is tilted about 90 degrees into alignment with the nasolacrimal duct 14 as illustrated in FIG. 8. The probe is pushed down the nasolacrimal duct through any obstruction 15 and into the nasal cavity 16. A flexible conduit 17 is connected at one end to the connector 5 and at the other end to a syringe 18 loaded with fluorescein or methylene blue stained fluid 19 or any other colored liquid or gas tracer. Alternately the syringe may be applied directly to the connector 5. The fluid is injected to irrigate through the probe into the nose. The fluid flows out of the outlets 8 into the nasal cavity. Traces of the fluid can be recovered in the nose with a suction catheter 20. A lack of fluid recovery in the nose indicate that the probe has not penetrated all obstructions and reached the nose. The surgeon can then push with greater force or pull the probe back slightly and drive it into the nasal cavity at a slightly different angle. Detection of the tracer fluid into the nose is a positive indication that all obstructions have been cleared, and no divergent passage through tissues surrounding the nasolacrimal duct has been opened by the probe.

(14) It should be noted that the surgeon does not have to perform the difficult and sometime impossible task of touching the tip of the probe in the nose with another metal instrument to confirm that the probe has duly entered the nasal cavity. Furthermore, the irrigation does not have to be performed as a second procedure after a solid probe of the prior art has been withdrawn from the lacrimal system. No second probing needs to be done if the irrigation is not successful.

(15) The stiffening rod 10 must be withdrawn before the flexible tube or syringe is connected to the probe. Preferably, the rod is used when the probe encounters an obstacle and cannot readily and safely be pushed through it.

(16) Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown an intubation sleeve 21 shaped and dimensioned to be used in connection with the above-described probe 2. The outer diameter of the sleeve is preferably 1.125 millimeters, but could fall between 0.25 and 4.0 millimeters. The sleeve is flexible and preferably made of silicone, polypropylene or other medically approved synthetic material. The distal end of the sleeve 22 is preferably closed by a conical tip 23 or a rounded one substantially similar to the tip 9 of the probe. The proximal end 24 of the sleeve is open and is surrounded by a first outwardly projecting radial flange 25 that is oriented at an angle between 20 to 90 degrees and preferably approximately 45 degrees with the axis of the sleeve like the flange 7 of the probe. The internal channel 26 of the sleeve is dimensioned to be loosely engaged by the probe 1 as shown in FIG. 3 so that a fluid injected into the probe can readily exit the radial holes 8 or the axial orifice at the distal end of the probe and flow freely into the sleeve. The insertable length D of the sleeve is about 3 millimeters shorter than the insertable length A of the probe.

(17) A hole 27, or alternatively two diametrically opposite radial holes 27, 28, bored through the sleeve at approximately the same distance from the tip 23 as the distance between the outlets 8 of the probe are from its tip 3, let tracing or irrigating fluid injected into the probe escape from the sleeve into the nasal cavity. An O-ring, self-sealing diaphragm 29, or other type of sealing implement located between 0 and 100 millimeters and preferably about 3 millimeters from the proximal end 24 of the sleeve can be penetrated by the probe and maintain a hermetic barrier that will prevent any fluid in the channel 26 from leaking through the proximal end 24 of the sleeve. A second radial flange 30 distally proximate to the first flange 25 is designed to lie just inside the punctum to keep the first flange resting against the edge of the punctum. The second flange can have an oval shape, and have a maximum exterior diameter between 0.3 and 6 millimeters, preferably 2.5 millimeters, and is preferably orthogonal to the axis of the sleeve.

(18) Intubation of the nasolacrimal duct is performed by first inserting the probe 1, and optionally its stiffening rod 10, into the sleeve 21 until the tip of the probe touches the closed distal end of the sleeve as shown in FIG. 3. The combined probe and sleeve are then threaded through a patient's punctum, canaliculus, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct all the way down to the nose in the same manner as described above and illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8 in connection with the probe, until the second flange 30 is set into the patient's punctum and the first flange 25 rests against the external rim of the punctum.

(19) The surgeon may encounter resistance when pushing the second radial flange 30 of the sleeve through the punctum into the proximal canaliculus if the punctum is somewhat small in diameter. The distal end of the probe will exert pressure upon the very distal end of the sleeve if the surgeon applies a large amount of force on the probe while attempting to push the second radial flange 30 through the punctum. However, puncture of the distal end of the sleeve is prevented by the slanted flange 7 of the probe coming into contact with the slanted flange 25 of the sleeve. This stops further penetration of the probe into the sleeve, while allowing the surgeon to apply pressure on the probe and sleeve assembly in order to push the second flange 30 of the sleeve through the punctum.

(20) If the internal diameter of the sleeve closely matches the external diameter of the probe, irrigation may be facilitated by aligning the outlets with the holes, as shown in FIG. 6. A mark 31 along the external wall of the probe that is aligned with one of the outlets 7, 8 is brought to match an indicium 32 on the flange 25 of the sleeve 21 that is aligned with one of the holes 27, 28.

(21) After the presence of the sleeve and probe in the nasal cavity has been verified by the collection of some of tracing liquid in the nasal cavity, the probe is withdrawn leaving the sleeve in place.

(22) In an alternate version 33 of the sleeve illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, an inflatable segment 34 is formed near the distal end of the sleeve. The inflatable segment is preferable implemented using a resiliently expandable material, or by a reduction in the thickness of the sleeve wall slightly distally from the radial holes 27 and 28 in order to create a resiliently expandable balloon under internal pressure. Alternatively a segment made of easily expanded material can be attached to the distal end of a non-expandable sleeve. The entire sleeve can also be made of easily expanded sheet material. A first O-ring, self-sealing diaphragm 35 or other self-sealing implements may optionally be positioned between the proximal end of the sleeve and the radial holes, preferably at a short distance from the proximal end of the sleeve. A second self-sealing implement 36 is positioned between the radial holes 27, 28 and the inflatable segment 34. A fluid can be injected through a probe 37 having an axial orifice 38 or, alternately, at least one radial orifice at its distant end, after the probe has been used to push the sleeve into position through the patient's punctum, canaliculus, lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct into the nasal cavity with the open tip of the probe resting in or just past the inflatable segment. The injection of the fluid causes the inflatable segment to bellow out and positively lock the sleeve in position as illustrated in FIG. 9. The probe is then withdrawn to a distance sufficient to place the orifice 38 between the first 35 and the second 36 self sealing implements as shown in FIG. 5. Additional injection of tinted fluid will cause the fluid to escape into the nasal cavity through the axial orifice 38 into the sleeve. The second self sealing implement 36 prevents fluid from leaking out of the inflated area 34, thus maintaining the inflation. The first self sealing implement 35 prevents leakage of the fluid out of the proximal end of the sleeve, causing the fluid to exit through the radial holes 27, 28. Once the correct positioning of the sleeve has been verified through the collection of tracing fluid in the nasal cavity, the probe can be withdrawn while the sleeve distal segment remains inflated keeping the sleeve safely in place. In both cases, the sleeve can be later removed by grasping the flange 25 and pulling the sleeve out of the lacrimal system. Prior to removal, the end segment 34 can be deflated by pushing the probe through the second self sealing implement 36, and letting the fluid escape into the nasal cavity or suctioning it through the probe as explained below. Otherwise, the fluid will be allowed to slowly leak out of the sleeve on its own, whereupon the sleeve can be removed days, weeks or even months later.

(23) Each of the probes 1, 37 can be used for suctioning blood from the lacrimal system or nasal cavity caused by the probing or intubating process, as well as for suctioning the tracer fluid from the nasal cavity as illustrated in FIG. 10.

(24) At the end of the probing or intubation procedure or after having been pushed through the lacrimal system as described above, the probe with or without either of the sleeves 21, 33 is connected to a suction device 39 by way of a catheter 40. Suction is then performed to either retrieve the tracer fluid out of the nasal cavity or to remove blood caused by abrasion during the procedure. The suction device may also be connected and activated during the insertion process of the probe or probe-and-sleeve combination through the nasolacrimal system in order to suction any obstructive tissue or blood. After installation of the probe or probe-and-sleeve combination, a tracer fluid may be injected with a syringe or eye dropper 41 through the nares 42. The fluid is then retrieved through the probe connected to the suction device to confirm proper placement of the sleeve or that the probe has reached the nasal cavity.

(25) It can thus be seen that the tubular probe of the invention is a very versatile instrument that can be used not only for probing the nasolacrimal ducts, but also to perform intubation, irrigation and even suction of obstructive material.

(26) While the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, modifications can be made and other embodiments may be devised without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.