Methods and apparatus for processing an image of a beam generated by an optical system to extract information indicative of an extent of damage to optical elements in the optical system. Also disclosed is a beam image and analysis tool capable of acquiring an image of a beam at any one of a number of locations.

A mirror array, at least some of the mirrors of the array comprising a reflective surface and an arm which extends from a surface opposite to the reflective surface, wherein the mirror array further comprises a support structure provided with a plurality of sensing apparatuses, the sensing apparatuses being configured to measure gaps between the sensing apparatuses and the arms which extend from the mirrors.

The invention discloses a flexible, energy-self-sufficient UV dosimeter which optically indicates the absorbed dose on the basis of the intensity and duration of the irradiation via a color change. The invention contains one or more UV dosimeter modules. Exemplary UV dosimeter modules include at least one UV-sensitive photodiode (common electrode (11), hole conductor layer (21), UV absorber layer (22), cathode (23)) and an electrochromic element (common electrode (11), ion storage layer (12), electrolyte layer (13), electrochromic layer made of redox active material (14), transparent electrode (15)), between which an insulator (4) and a conductor track (5) are arranged. The electrochromic element accumulates the charge generated by the UV-sensitive photodiode and indicates this by means of a color change. The UV dosimeter can be produced as an integrated circuit using thin-film technology by successively applying and structuring organic or inorganic functional layers.

A device for assessing sunscreen coverage on a person includes a casing a lens assembly extending from about a front facing surface of the casing and allowing transmissivity to light energy in a wavelength range of about 300 to about 400 nm. A filter is in optical communication with the lens assembly and having a high optical density above about 390 nm and a low optical density below about 390 nm. A sensor is in optical communication with the filter, the sensor having a signal/noise ratio that is greater than about 36 db. A controller is configured for receiving input from a user to control the device. A display screen may be in communication with a controller for displaying an image associated with the filtered light.

The present invention provides a plasma generating system that includes: a plasma cavity for generating a plasma therewithin by use of microwave energy; an adaptor electrically grounded and having a gas outlet through which an exhaust gas processed by the plasma exits the plasma cavity; and an ignition device mounted on the adaptor. The ignition device includes: a first electrode electrically grounded; and a second electrode electrically floating and configured to convert a portion of the microwave energy into an electrostatic discharge to thereby develop a voltage difference between the first and second electrodes, where the voltage difference generates a spark discharge between the first electrode and the second electrode to create the plasma.

A plasma generating system includes a waveguide for transmitting a microwave energy therethrough and an inner wall disposed within the waveguide to define a plasma cavity, where a plasma is generated within the plasma cavity using the microwave energy. The plasma generating system further includes: an adaptor mounted on a first side of the waveguide and physically separated from the waveguide by a first gap and having a gas outlet through which a gas processed by the plasma exits the plasma cavity; and an EM seal disposed in the first gap and configured to block leakage of the microwave energy through the first gap.

In accordance with at least one aspect of this disclosure, an ultraviolet radiation (UV) sensor includes a UV sensitive material and a first electrode and a second electrode connected in series through the UV sensitive material such that UV radiation can reach the UV sensitive material. The UV sensitive material can include at least one of zinc tin oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium zinc oxide, or zinc oxide. The electrodes can be interdigitated comb electrodes.

A sterilization system consisting of a mobile emitter, a sensing subsystem and a data logging subsystem is described. The emitter has one or more UV emitting lamps or devices. The sensing system comprises at least one remote UV sensor and at least one door sensor. The door sensor comprises a safety shut off door detector and may contain an emergency stop detector and arming detector to protect people from being exposed to UV energy. The system has a remote control for starting, stopping and setting system parameters which include but are not limited to: treatment time, dosage, room size, room number, unit number, floor, facility name, operator name, operator identification number, password, default dosage values, dosage, and patient identification number. The number of treatments per unit of time can be maximized because of the use of incident light measurement.

A system is provided for determining personal ultra-violet (UV) radiation measurements. The system may include a measurement device configured to measure UV irradiation; and a terminal device configured to receive an output of the measured UV irradiation from the measurement device and to display a specific user's personal UV exposure risk level based on at least the measured sun irradiation.

A clothing item or wearable accessory for use with a system for calculating the exposure to sun radiation received on the different parts of the body by a person, including a wearable device (1) that communicates with a telecommunication mobile device (2) and a remote computing unit (3) operatively connected to satellites (4) to receive georeferenced data related to solar irradiation over time and set to associate the solar irradiance data to the geographical position, the posture and the orientation of the person (P) or of parts of the person's body.