This disclosure describes methods and apparatus to promote sustainable usage of smartphones such as preventing phone loss, preventing overheating and overcharging, and decreasing packaging waste. A method and apparatus to prevent phone loss is disclosed. Radio frequency beacons (or tags) attached to the owner transmit signals to the smartphone. The distance of the owner from the smartphone is estimated based on the quality of the received radio frequency signals in the smartphone. The system alerts user whenever the distance gets farther than a preset value. A method and apparatus to prevent overcharging of the battery is also disclosed. A plugging mechanism is presented that will be automatically detached from the smart phone when the battery is fully charged. Moreover, an alerting system is disclosed that alerts the user to stop using the device when the internal temperature of the device gets hotter than a preset threshold.

An apparatus, method and computer program for a mobile transceiver and for a base station transceiver. The method includes receiving a downlink signal from a base station transceiver of the mobile communication system via a downlink data channel, identifying a line of sight component of at least the first positioning symbol of the downlink signal based on the one or more sequences of zero-value samples and determining information related to a location of the mobile transceiver based on the one or more non-zero-value samples received within the line of sight component of the first positioning symbol. The downlink signal includes one or more positioning symbols having a first positioning symbol, wherein the first positioning symbol is based on samples in a time domain to be transmitted by the base station transceiver.

An apparatus, method and computer program for a mobile transceiver and for a base station transceiver. The method includes receiving a downlink signal from a base station transceiver of the mobile communication system via a downlink data channel, identifying a line of sight component of at least the first positioning symbol of the downlink signal based on the one or more sequences of zero-value samples and determining information related to a location of the mobile transceiver based on the one or more non-zero-value samples received within the line of sight component of the first positioning symbol. The downlink signal includes one or more positioning symbols having a first positioning symbol, wherein the first positioning symbol is based on samples in a time domain to be transmitted by the base station transceiver.

A method for determining geo-position of a target by an aircraft includes: receiving navigation data related to the aircraft including aircraft attitude information; receiving multilateration information related to the target including an angle to the target; calculating an axis for a cone fixed to the aircraft, based on the received aircraft attitude information; calculating a central angle for the cone from the received angle to the target; generating two vectors orthogonal to the cone axis; calculating a cone model from the axis, the central angle and the two vectors; and intersecting the cone model with an earth model to obtain a LEP curve, wherein the LEP curve is used to determine the geo position of the target.

An apparatus includes an antenna and a transceiver. The transceiver transmits a first signal via the antenna, the first signal including a unique identification of the apparatus and a request for receive information about the first signal at a receiver. The transceiver receives from the receiver a second signal via the antenna, the second signal including first information about a direction of arrival (DoA) of the first signal at the receiver and second information indicative of a location of the receiver.

Systems, methods, and apparatus for detecting UAVs in an RF environment are disclosed. An apparatus is constructed and configured for network communication with at least one camera. The at least one camera captures images of the RF environment and transmits video data to the apparatus. The apparatus receives RF data and generates FFT data based on the RF data, identifies at least one signal based on a first derivative and a second derivative of the FFT data, measures a direction from which the at least one signal is transmitted, analyzes the video data. The apparatus then identifies at least one UAV to which the at least one signal is related based on the analyzed video data, the RF data, and the direction from which the at least one signal is transmitted, and controls the at least one camera based on the analyzed video data.

An antenna device configured for wireless positioning. The antenna device includes a ground plane having a polygonal shape comprising at least 4 side edges. A plurality of chip antenna elements tuned to a predetermined radio frequency are each singly provided at one of said side edges with a spacing between adjacent ones of said chip antenna elements corresponding to ½ of a wavelength of said predetermined radio frequency. A patch antenna element tuned to said predetermined radio frequency is provided at a center portion of a front side of the ground plane.

A method of estimating the location of a signal source comprises, by a processing unit: determining ΔΔφ.sup.m,n which represents a difference between accumulated phases of signals, S.sub.m and S.sub.n, received by at least one pair of the receivers, determining a first estimate of the location of said signal source based on position data and ΔΔφ.sup.m,n of said at least one pair of receivers, said first estimate being associated with an accuracy area, determining data representative of difference in times of arrival of modulation patterns of the signals S.sub.m, S.sub.n, wherein said data comprise an ambiguity, and for said at least one pair of receivers, using at least said data representative of difference in times of arrival of the modulation patterns of the signals, ΔΔφ.sup.m,n, and said accuracy area, to obtain second estimates ê.sub.Src.sup.k of the source location, at least some of them being located within the accuracy area

A method of estimating the location of a signal source comprises, by a processing unit: determining ΔΔφ.sup.m,n which represents a difference between accumulated phases of signals, S.sub.m and S.sub.n, received by at least one pair of the receivers, determining a first estimate of the location of said signal source based on position data and ΔΔφ.sup.m,n of said at least one pair of receivers, said first estimate being associated with an accuracy area, determining data representative of difference in times of arrival of modulation patterns of the signals S.sub.m, S.sub.n, wherein said data comprise an ambiguity, and for said at least one pair of receivers, using at least said data representative of difference in times of arrival of the modulation patterns of the signals, ΔΔφ.sup.m,n, and said accuracy area, to obtain second estimates ê.sub.Src.sup.k of the source location, at least some of them being located within the accuracy area

In a general aspect, a target is localized based on measurements from a measurement device array. In some aspects, range difference values (d.sub.i) and coordinate vectors (a.sub.i) of devices in the measurement device array are obtained. The range difference values are generated based on time difference of arrival measurements of wireless signals between the target device and each of the devices in the measurement device array. A first matrix (A) and a first vector (b) are constructed. The first matrix (A) and the first vector (b) each includes the range difference values and the coordinate vectors. Whether a second vector (y) satisfies a condition set is determined. The condition set includes a first condition (A.sup.TA+λD)y=A.sup.Tb and a second condition v.sup.T (A.sup.TA+λD)v≥0. A numerical approximation of an optimal solution of the second vector is generated. The target device is localized according to the numerical approximation of the optimal solution,