A fluid conduit includes a first portion having a first porosity, a second portion disposed immediately adjacent to the first portion, the second portion having a second porosity that is greater than the first porosity, and a third portion of the fluid conduit disposed immediately adjacent to the second portion, the third portion having a third porosity that is less than the second porosity. Each of the first portion, the second portion, and the third portion may be integrally formed as a single, continuous piece defining the fluid conduit.

Disclosed is a 1D nanofibers quasi-aligned, grid structure cross-laminated, and pore distribution and size controlled 3D polymer nanofiber membrane, and manufacturing method thereof. A 3D polymer nanofiber membrane controlled in pore size and porosity is formed by employing an electrospinning pattern forming apparatus that includes double insulating blocks quasi-aligns nanofibers in a specific direction by transforming an electric field and includes a current collector rotatable in 90. Additionally, the 3D polymer nanofiber membrane may be used for air filters, separator, water filters, cell culture membranes, and so on by allowing various properties thereto through a functional surface coating.

A filter medium is provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the filter medium is implemented by including: a porous second support and a nanofiber web which are sequentially stacked on each of an upper portion and a lower portion of a first support; and a channel through which a filtrate filtered in the nanofiber web flows in a direction of the first support, wherein the first support, the second support, and the nanofiber web satisfy predetermined conditions on a basis weight and a thickness of each layer. In a water treatment operation of the filter medium, the shape, structural deformation, and damage of the filter medium can be minimized, excellent filtration efficiency can be implemented, and a channel can be smoothly secured, thereby securing high flux. In addition, even at high pressure applied during backwashing, the filter medium has an extended use period due to excellent durability of the filter medium. Accordingly, the filter medium can be variously applied in various water treatment fields.

The present disclosure relates to hollow fiber tangential flow filters, including hollow fiber tangential flow depth filters, for various applications, including bioprocessing and pharmaceutical applications, systems employing such filters, and methods of filtration using the same.

Disclosed are a membrane structure including a carbon nanomaterial and NASICON-series ceramic particles, wherein an aqueous solution can pass through an electrode and a method of fabricating the same. There is disclosed a membrane structure of a flat membrane or hollow fiber membrane form, wherein the carbon nanomaterials are intertwisted to form a three-dimensional mesh-shaped structure and the NASICON-series ceramic particles material is combined with the three-dimensional mesh-shaped structure as a complex.

An osmotic membrane comprises an active layer and a composite support layer. The active layer selectively allows passage of water molecules but rejects at least some dissolved ions. The composite support layer includes a side that is bonded to the active layer and comprises an electrospun-fiber sub-layer and a phase-inversion sub-layer.

The present invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane including, sequentially from the center: a first layer having a high-density sponge structure including pores with a size of 1 nm or less; a second layer including a finger-shaped structure; and a third layer having a low-density sponge structure including pores with a size of 10 to 1,000 m, and to a method for producing the hollow fiber membrane.

A novel fibrous membrane comprises at least one substrate layer comprising at least 80% by weight of microfibers that carry positively charged and/or negatively charged functional groups, and at least one layer of filtration material attached to the substrate layer, wherein the layer of filtration material comprises at least 80% by weight of nanofibers that carry negatively charged and/or positively charged functional groups. The fibrous membrane is able to remove or reduce the concentration of bacteria, viruses and heavy metals while maintaining relatively high water flow. A filter comprising the fibrous membrane and a method for manufacturing the fibrous membrane are also provided.

A filter medium is provided. A filter medium according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a fiber web layer of a three-dimensional network structure including nanofiber; and a hydrophilic coating layer which covers at least a part of the outer surface of the nanofiber. According to this, a flow rate can be remarkably increased due to the improved hydrophilicity of the filter medium. Also, as the improved hydrophilicity is maintained for a long period of time, the lifespan can be remarkably prolonged. Furthermore, since the modification of a porous structure of the filter medium is minimized during the process of hydrophilization so that the initially designed physical properties of the filter medium can be exhibited in its entirety, the filter medium having chemical resistance, excellent water permeability and durability can be variously applied in the water treatment field.

The present disclosure relates to hollow fiber tangential flow filters, including hollow fiber tangential flow depth filters, for various applications, including bioprocessing and pharmaceutical applications, systems employing such filters, and methods of filtration using the same.