A method of producing a fluorine-containing compound is a method of producing a compound (30) having partial structure (3) by an insertion reaction of compound (20) into compound (10) that has partial structure (1), in the presence of an ionic catalyst formed from a specific monovalent anion and a counter cation. In the formulas, * represents a bonding site, and X.sup.1 and R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or an organic group having a carbon number of 1 to 20 which may have a substituent.

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A method of producing a fluorine-containing compound is a method of producing a compound (30) having partial structure (3) by an insertion reaction of compound (20) into compound (10) that has partial structure (1), in the presence of an ionic catalyst formed from a specific monovalent anion and a counter cation. In the formulas, * represents a bonding site, and X.sup.1 and R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or an organic group having a carbon number of 1 to 20 which may have a substituent.

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Embossing resins, methods of manufacturing such resins, and electrokinetic display system, which includes display cells containing such resins. The resins include a fluoropolymer in weight percentage 5%-60%, a difunctional diluent in weight percentage 0-30%, a monofunctional diluent in weight percentage 0-40%, a urethane diacrylate or functionalized nanoscale material, e.g., a functionalized urethane material, in weight percentage 5-50%, a photoinitiator in weight percentage 0.5-5%, and a surfactant in weight percentage less than 0.5%. The difunctional diluent may be Hexanediol Diacrylate, and the monofunctional diluent may be a monofunctional hydrocarbon. The resins are made by identifying a target index of refraction for a cured state thereof, and combining together, by weight percentage, the constituent components to produce the liquid state version of the embossing resin having a desired composite index of refraction.

A surfactant for polymerization including at least one selected from a surfactant represented by R.sup.1a—CO—R.sup.2a—CO—R.sup.3a—OSO.sub.3X.sup.a and a surfactant represented by R.sup.1b—CO—(CR.sup.2b.sub.2).sub.n—(OR.sup.3b).sub.p—(CR.sup.4b.sub.2).sub.q-L-OSO.sub.3X.sup.b, wherein R.sup.1a, R.sup.2a, R.sup.3a, X.sup.a, R.sup.1b, R.sup.2b, R.sup.3b, R.sup.4b, L and X.sup.b are as defined herein. Also disclosed is a composition containing a fluoropolymer and the at least one surfactant, a composition containing a fluoropolymer and a compound represented by (H—(CF.sub.2).sub.8—SO.sub.3).sub.qM.sup.2, where M.sup.2 is as defined herein, and a molded article made from the composition containing a fluoropolymer and the compound represented by (H—(CF.sub.2).sub.8—SO.sub.3).sub.qM.sup.2.

A surfactant for polymerization including at least one selected from a surfactant represented by R.sup.1a—CO—R.sup.2a—CO—R.sup.3a—OSO.sub.3X.sup.a and a surfactant represented by R.sup.1b—CO—(CR.sup.2b.sub.2).sub.n—(OR.sup.3b).sub.p—(CR.sup.4b.sub.2).sub.q-L-OSO.sub.3X.sup.b, wherein R.sup.1a, R.sup.2a, R.sup.3a, X.sup.a, R.sup.1b, R.sup.2b, R.sup.3b, R.sup.4b, L and X.sup.b are as defined herein. Also disclosed is a composition containing a fluoropolymer and the at least one surfactant, a composition containing a fluoropolymer and a compound represented by (H—(CF.sub.2).sub.8—SO.sub.3).sub.qM.sup.2, where M.sup.2 is as defined herein, and a molded article made from the composition containing a fluoropolymer and the compound represented by (H—(CF.sub.2).sub.8—SO.sub.3).sub.qM.sup.2.

There is provided an electrode composition that contains a polymer binder a polymer binder constituted by containing an inorganic solid electrolyte, an active material, and a linear polymer, and contains a dispersion medium, where in the electrode composition, a rotation radius α of the polymer binder and converted median diameters D.sub.50 of the inorganic solid electrolyte and the active material are present within a region (including a boundary line) of a polygonal shape having a point A to a point E as apices, in an orthogonal coordinate system in which the rotation radius α is on an x-axis and the median diameter D.sub.50 is on a y-axis. There are also provided an electrode sheet for an all-solid state secondary battery and an all-solid state secondary battery, and manufacturing methods for an electrode sheet for an all-solid state secondary battery and an all-solid state secondary battery, in which the electrode composition is used.

Described herein is method of making branched perfluorinated compounds, specifically (CF.sub.3).sub.2CFCF(CF.sub.3)OCF(CF.sub.3)C(═O)F and (CF.sub.3).sub.2CFCF(CF.sub.3)OCF═CF.sub.2. Also disclosed herein is a fluoropolymer derived from the branched perfluorovinyl ether monomer and methods of making the fluoropolymer.

A crosslinking agent includes a compound represented by a formula (1), ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a plurality of R.sup.1 are identical to or different from each other, a plurality of R.sup.2 are identical to or different from each other, and a plurality of R.sup.3 are identical to or different from each other, provided that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, and at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 is a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom-containing group; m is an integer from 2 to 6; l is an integer from 0 to 2; and each hydrogen on the benzene ring(s) may be substituted.

A crosslinking agent includes a compound represented by a formula (1), ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a plurality of R.sup.1 are identical to or different from each other, a plurality of R.sup.2 are identical to or different from each other, and a plurality of R.sup.3 are identical to or different from each other, provided that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, and at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 is a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom-containing group; m is an integer from 2 to 6; l is an integer from 0 to 2; and each hydrogen on the benzene ring(s) may be substituted.

Embossing resins, methods of manufacturing such resins, and electrokinetic display system, which includes display cells containing such resins. The resins include a fluoropolymer in weight percentage 5%-60%, a difunctional diluent in weight percentage 0-30%, a monofunctional diluent in weight percentage 0-40%, a urethane diacrylate or functionalized nanoscale material, e.g., a functionalized urethane material, in weight percentage 5-50%, a photoinitiator in weight percentage 0.5-5%, and a surfactant in weight percentage less than 0.5%. The difunctional diluent may be Hexanediol Diacrylate, and the monofunctional diluent may be a monofunctional hydrocarbon. The resins are made by identifying a target index of refraction for a cured state thereof, and combining together, by weight percentage, the constituent components to produce the liquid state version of the embossing resin having a desired composite index of refraction.