The disclosure relates to bipolar plates used in fuel cells and to methods for forming bipolar plates. A bipolar plate of a fuel cell with a composite corrosion-resistant, gastight, conductive coating comprises a core of a required shape, a first layer having high contact conductivity on the core, and a second layer having corrosion resistance, high gas-tightness, electric conductivity on the first layer and in pores of the first layer, the second layer covering at least the pores in the first layer. The first layer is preferably formed by a magnetron sputtering method, and the second layer is preferably formed by a method of thermolysis of a metalorganic compound. This ensures high gas-tightness and elasticity of a bipolar plate without compromising its corrosion resistance and contact conductivity.

Low temperature techniques for forming layered lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) are provided. In one aspect, a method of synthesizing layered LCO includes: forming a metal catalyst layer (e.g., platinum) on a substrate; depositing LCO onto the metal catalyst layer; and annealing the LCO under conditions sufficient to form the layered LCO on the metal catalyst layer. An adhesion layer can be deposited on the substrate, and the metal catalyst layer can be deposited onto the adhesion layer. In another aspect, a structure is provided including: a substrate; a metal catalyst layer (e.g., platinum) disposed on the substrate; and layered LCO formed on the metal catalyst layer. An adhesion layer can be disposed between the substrate and the metal catalyst layer.

This liquid composition for forming a KNN film includes an organic metal compound including an organic potassium compound, an organic sodium compound, and an organic niobium compound, and a solvent. In this liquid composition for forming a KNN film, the organic potassium compound and the sodium compound are each metal salts of a carboxylic acid represented by General Formula C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1COOH (here, 4≤n≤8), the organic niobium compound is a niobium alkoxide or a metal salt of a carboxylic acid represented by General Formula C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1COOH (here, 4≤n≤8), and a main solvent is a carboxylic acid represented by General Formula C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1COOH (here, 4≤n≤8) and is included in an amount of 50% by mass to 90% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the liquid composition for forming a KNN film.

A display panel and a fabricating method thereof are provided. The fabricating method of the display panel has steps of: providing a substrate; forming a light conversion layer on the substrate, wherein material of the light conversion layer has a perovskite structural material with a chemical formula of ABX.sub.3, wherein A represents an inorganic element, B represents an inorganic element, and X represents a halogen; performing a patterning step on the light conversion layer by an antisolvent method, wherein the light conversion layer forms a plurality of light conversion patterns; and forming a pixel layer on the light conversion layer, wherein the pixel layer has a plurality of pixel units, and the plurality of pixel units are respectively aligned with the plurality of light conversion patterns. The fabricating method can reduce a dark state brightness of the display panel, thereby improving contrast of the display panel.

In some embodiments, a semiconductor fabrication tool is provided. The semiconductor fabrication tool includes a first processing zone having a first ambient environment and a second processing zone having a second ambient environment disposed at different location inside a processing chamber. A first exhaust port and a second exhaust port are disposed in the first and second processing zones, respectively. A first exhaust pipe couples the first exhaust port to a first individual exhaust output. A second exhaust pipe couples the second exhaust port to a second individual exhaust output, where the second exhaust pipe is separate from the first exhaust pipe. A first adjustable fluid control element controls the first ambient environment. A second adjustable fluid control element controls the second ambient environment, where the first adjustable fluid control element and the second adjustable fluid control element are independently adjustable.

A carbonized composition is formed by a process including providing an organic composition formed into a predetermined configuration, forming a protective layer over the organic composition, increasing temperature to carbonize the organic composition and form the carbonized composition, and removing the protective layer from the carbonized composition, wherein the carbonized composition has substantially the predetermined configuration. In a number of embodiments, the organic composition includes a nucleic acid. In a number of embodiments, the organic composition consists of a nucleic acid. The nucleic acid may, for example, be DNA.

The coated glass sheet of the present invention includes: a glass sheet; and a coating film provided on at least one principal surface of the glass sheet. The coating film includes a dense layer and a porous layer. The dense layer is positioned between the porous layer and the glass sheet.

The present disclosure relates to a W.sub.18O.sub.49/CoO/NF self-supporting electrocatalytic material and a preparation method thereof, the W.sub.18O.sub.49/CoO/NF self-supporting electrocatalytic material comprises: a foamed nickel substrate, and a W.sub.18O.sub.49/CoO composite nano material generated on the foamed nickel substrate in situ; preferably, wherein the W.sub.18O.sub.49/CoO composite nano material comprises CoO nanosheets attached directly to the foamed nickel substrate, and W.sub.18O.sub.49 nanowires attached to the nanosheets.

Described herein are methods for coating a substrate with a photocatalytic compound, and photocatalytic elements prepared by these methods.

A method of forming a carbonized composition includes providing an organic composition, forming a protective layer over the organic composition, increasing temperature to carbonize the organic composition and for a period of time to form the carbonized composition, and removing the protective layer from the carbonized composition.