Embodiments of the present invention include a grafted aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder comprising CMC chemically bonded with a monomer, where the CMC has a weight ratio of water to CMC of from about 99.9:0.1 to about 1,000:500, wherein the monomer is characterized by a weight ratio of monomer to CMC of from about 1:1 to about 1:1,000, and non-woven fabrics and articles including CMC binders, and methods of manufacture of the same. Aspects of the invention include a method of synthesizing a grafted aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), the method comprising: contacting CMC with water to form a CMC solution. contacting the CMC solution with an initiator; contacting the CMC solution with a monomer to start grafting polymerization reaction between the CMC and a monomer. In some embodiments, the binder and non-woven fabrics including the same are non-toxic and biodegradable.

A dyeing and welding process may be configured to convert a substrate into a welded substrate having at least some color imparted thereto via a dye and/or coloring agent by applying a process solvent having a dye and/or coloring agent therein to the substrate, wherein the process solvent interrupts one or more intermolecular force between one or more component in the substrate. The substrate may be configured as a natural fiber, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and silk. The process solvent may include a binder, such as dissolved biopolymer (e.g., cellulose). After application of a process solvent comprised of a dye and/or coloring agent, the substrate may be exposed to a second application of a process solvent comprised of a binder, which second application may occur before or after a process temperature/pressure zone, process solvent recovery zone, and/or drying zone.

A dyeing and welding process may be configured to convert a substrate into a welded substrate having at least some color imparted thereto via a dye and/or coloring agent by applying a process solvent having a dye and/or coloring agent therein to the substrate, wherein the process solvent interrupts one or more intermolecular force between one or more component in the substrate. The substrate may be configured as a natural fiber, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and silk. The process solvent may include a binder, such as dissolved biopolymer (e.g., cellulose). After application of a process solvent comprised of a dye and/or coloring agent, the substrate may be exposed to a second application of a process solvent comprised of a binder, which second application may occur before or after a process temperature/pressure zone, process solvent recovery zone, and/or drying zone.

A drying oven for crosslinking a continuous mat of mineral or plant fibers includes a plurality of heating boxes through which the mat of fibers successively passes. At least one of the boxes includes, between an external insulating jacket of the drying oven and a central compartment of the box, an in-built hot-gas heating and recirculation device that includes at least one radial turbine mounted horizontally, the axis of rotation of which is arranged vertically, the turbine drawing hot gas along the axis through a gas outlet orifice of the central compartment after it has passed through the mat, and discharging it radially toward a recirculation device that recirculates the hot gas leaving the radial turbine to a gas inlet orifice of the compartment, and at least one heating device for heating the gas circulating in the box.

A method of bonding together surfaces of two or more elements, whereby at least one of the two or more elements is a mineral wool element, said mineral wool element(s) being bound by a mineral wool binder, comprises the steps of providing two or more elements; applying an adhesive to one or more of the surfaces to be bonded together before, during or after contacting the surfaces to be bonded together with each other, curing the adhesive, wherein the adhesive comprises at least one protein; at least one phenol and/or quinone containing compound, and/or at least one enzyme.

The present invention relates to a mounting mat for mounting a pollution control device in a catalytic converter, the mounting mat comprising a non-woven mat of inorganic fibers having distributed therein inorganic particles having an average diameter of 1 nm to 100 nm and wherein the mounting mat is free of organic binder or contains organic binder in an amount of not more than 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the mounting mat. The invention further relates to a pollution control device including the mounting mat and to a method of making the mounting mat.

The present invention relates to a mounting mat for mounting a pollution control device in a catalytic converter, the mounting mat comprising a non-woven mat of inorganic fibers having distributed therein inorganic particles having an average diameter of 1 nm to 100 nm and wherein the mounting mat is free of organic binder or contains organic binder in an amount of not more than 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the mounting mat. The invention further relates to a pollution control device including the mounting mat and to a method of making the mounting mat.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a filter medium for an air filter which does not contain a PFAS nor a siloxane compound and has a good physical property balance among the PF value, the water repellency, and the strength. A filter medium for an air filter according to the present disclosure is a filter medium for an air filter composed of a wet-laid nonwoven fabric, wherein the filter medium for an air filter contains a binder resin and a water repellent, the water repellent contains, as a main component, a hydrocarbon-based polymer free of fluorine and silicon in a molecule thereof, and the binder resin and the water repellent are crosslinked by an isocyanate crosslinking component.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a filter medium for an air filter which does not contain a PFAS nor a siloxane compound and has a good physical property balance among the PF value, the water repellency, and the strength. A filter medium for an air filter according to the present disclosure is a filter medium for an air filter composed of a wet-laid nonwoven fabric, wherein the filter medium for an air filter contains a binder resin and a water repellent, the water repellent contains, as a main component, a hydrocarbon-based polymer free of fluorine and silicon in a molecule thereof, and the binder resin and the water repellent are crosslinked by an isocyanate crosslinking component.

A dyeing and welding process may be configured to convert a substrate into a welded substrate having at least some color imparted thereto via a dye and/or coloring agent by applying a process solvent having a dye and/or coloring agent therein to the substrate, wherein the process solvent interrupts one or more intermolecular force between one or more component in the substrate. The substrate may be configured as a natural fiber, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and silk. The process solvent may include a binder, such as dissolved biopolymer (e.g., cellulose). After application of a process solvent comprised of a dye and/or coloring agent, the substrate may be exposed to a second application of a process solvent comprised of a binder, which second application may occur before or after a process temperature/pressure zone, process solvent recovery zone, and/or drying zone.